APHUG U3Q2

Vocab quiz 2: religion

blue laws

blue laws

laws that restrict certain activities, such as the sale of alcohol, on Sunday

Buddhism

This religion is founded by Siddhartha Gautama and explained the way to salvation through self-discipline and poverty.

Christianity

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

colonialism

physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own gov-t n charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land.

diaspora

when a group of people are scattered to various locations

ethnic neighborhood

an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

ethnic separatism

advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental, gender separation from the larger group

ethnonationalism/ethnic nationalism

a form of nationalism wherein the “nation” is defined in terms of ethnicity

ethnocentrism

the belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group

genocide

a premeditated effort to kill everyone from a particular ethnic group

Hinduism

One of the oldest religions in the modern word, dating back over 4000 years, and originated in the Indus River Valley. Unique among the world’s religions in that it does not have a single founder, single theology, of agreement on its origin.

imperialism

the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas

indigenous communities

ethnic groups who are the original settlers of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied, or colonized the area more recently

Islam

The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran. Approximately 1.3 billion people practice this religion which means “submission to the will of God”.

Judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethnic principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people.

karma

the idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or a future life

multistate nation

an ethnicity that is dispersed throughout several countries

nation

a culturally defined group of people with a shared past and a common future who relate to a territory and have political goals (ranging from autonomy to statehood).

neo colonialism

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.

sequent occupancy

the succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place’s history

shaman

the single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician, and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture.

Sikhism

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in Northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.

state

a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community

stateless nation

a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory that does not operate as an independent political unit with a defined, permanently populated territory and has no sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. There are plenty in the world today. The Kurds are one of the largest.

theocracies

governments that are run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws

Zionism

movement to create a Jewish nation (homeland) in the Middle East

autonomous region

a defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state

centrifugal force

forces that divide a group of people or a region

centripetal forces

forces that unify a group of people or a region

Sharia Law

the legal framework of a country derived from Islamic edicts taken from their holy book, the Qur’an

fundamentalism

an attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith

ethnic religion

belief tradition that emphasizes strong cultural characteristics among its followers

universalizing religion

actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

caste system

rigid class structure that shaped Indian society; works with Hinduism, rejected in Buddhism

pilgrimage

religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

polytheism

worship of many deities

monotheism

worship of a single deity

animism

the belief that non living objects (like rivers or mountains) possess spirits

cosmogony

A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

denomination

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body

branch

a large and fundamental division within a religion

hierarchical religions

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

pagan

a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times; A person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions

sect

a relatively small group within a religion that has broken away from an established denomination

ghetto

an area of a city in which people of an ethnic minority are confined either by official government policy or by economic and social obstacles that make it difficult for people of that ethnicity to exist outside of it

missionaries

An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

apartheid

a social policy enforced by the South African government for much of the twentieth century, between its independence and the policy’s end in 1990. It was a policy designed to enforce racial segregation—to keep black people and white people from interacting in daily life

Balkanization

The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units

blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move

ethnic cleansing

when a people group commits mass expulsion or mass killing of a particular ethnic group whom they do not want to exist either in a particular region or in the world as a whole

multi-ethnic state

a state that contains more than one ethnicity

multinational state

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

nationalism

the attachment of a person to a particular nation, or a political action by such a group to achieve statehood (or national self-determination)

nationality

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

nation-state

A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country

racism

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

self determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments

“separate but equal”

The doctrine established by Plessy v Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in these facilities

triangular slave trade

in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa

“white flight”

the phenomenon of white people moving out of urban neighborhoods that are becoming racially or ethnically diverse, often to suburban areas