Middle Ages Quiz

Middle Ages/Medieval Europe

The period of European history between the collapse of Rome and the Renaissance, lasting roughly form 500 CE to 1450 CE

feudalism

A political and social system in which lords gave land to vassals in exchange for service and loyalty

manor

The estate of a feudal lord, usually including a fortified building or castle

Lords

a powerful landholding noble

Vassals

a lesser noble who received land and protection form a lord in return for their loyalty

knight

A man who fights on horseback

Oath of Loyalty

A pledge or promise of support or allegiance

fief

a feudal estate or piece of land belonging to a vassal

chivalry

A code of conduct of medieval knights, focusing on bravery, honor and respect towards women and the weak

Serf

A member of the peasant class who works for a lord and is tied to the land in exchange for protection and certain rights

Why did Rome fall?

Economic, political, agricultural, militaristic and social issues

who decided to split the empire into two(west and east)

Diocletian

the west was “…”

weak

The east was “…”

excellent

Who moved the capital of Rome when they became emperor

Constantine

Where was the new capital located

Byzantium

What was the new capital called

Constantinople

Constantinople is located in modern day…

Istanbul, Turkey

Why were the weak west’s cities less successful?

they were located away from trade routes

When was the last emperor of the weak west’s removed?

476 CE

What structures fell apart in the weak west

roads and public structures

who attacked the weak west

Nomadic tribes attacked the weak west and claimed the land

what declined in the weak west

Trade declined

In the excellent east, Constantinople, was considered a … and was busy with people from …, …, and …

it was considered a crossroad and was buy with people from Asia, Africa, and Europe

Because the excellent east was a crossroad, the cities became…?

the cities became bigger and wealthier

Why was the excellent east better protected?

The excellent east was better protected because it had natural barriers like the Black Sea

How many years ago did the excellent east thrive for

Around 1000 years

What was the eastern half of the Roman Empire known as?

It was known as the Byzantine empire

The excellent east had great …’s that fishing, trading, and war ships used

Excellent harbors

why was the Byzantine empire easy to defend?

It was located on peninsula, which protected three of its four sides, and the last side was protected by a huge wall

where does the word “medieval” come from

latin words medium and aevum; medium meaning middle and aevum meaning age

when and where did the Middle Ages take place

took place in Western Europe and went from 500-1450

what hardened to Europe after the fall of the “Weak West” or the Western Roman Empire

The Germanic leaders took control

when the Germanics took control, was life peaceful and why?

No it wasn’t because it was a violent time and people only thrived because of the fertile soil and sea access; citizens were also allowed to make and fight each other with weapons

What geographical features helped the people of the Germanic time period thrive

Rich soil, the sea, mountains, and forestland

what was different about the government between the Roman Empire and Medieval Europe

in Rome, they had large governments with written laws and in Europe, they had Franks that joined together, making powerful kingdoms and unwritten laws

what was the only thing that untied the Germanic Kingdoms during the Middle Ages?

Christianity

what religion did both Rome and Europe have

Christianity

what system gave nobles and kings a way to hold onto their power?

feudalism

what did Feudalism look like

On top was the king, who everyone owed everything to, one below was landholding nobles and lords who gave land to the lower level, vassals and knights in return for military service and protection, And at the bottom wad the peasants or serfs who took care of the land and preformed hard tasked around manors in return for protection

what were the conflicts between England and France called and wen were they

The Hundred Years’ War and it took place from 1337-1453

what were the two causes of the Hundred Years’ War

the first was because the French tried to take back their land from England and the second was because King Edward of England declared himself king of France

what two weapons helped England be successful in the war

the first was the longbow because it could shoot long distance and pierce a knights armor because of the steel tipped arrows and the second was gunpowder because it led to he development of cannons and other weapons

who was Joan of Arch

She was a 17 year old peasant from France who claimed God told her she could win the battle of the Hundred Years’ War, so she asked the king of France for an army and she got t and won the battle

what happened to Joan of Arch

a French traitor captured and sold her to the English, where she was held in jail for a year, three ac used of being a witch; from there she was urned at the stake. 24 years later, her innocence was proven.

what were the effects on France form the war

They had a growing sense of nationalism, became unified, and their Kings expanded their power

What were the effects on England from the war

Rulers began looking for new overseas trading ventures, they were unified, and they lost their dream of a continental empire

How were common people effected by the war

Many died so the living were much more needed for jobs, they realized this and started to demand more for their work. They demanded wages, land, moving and more. The nobles were forced to agree

Ow was the Medieval world effected by the war

the longbow and canon became very important in battle, monarchs needed argue armies instead of knights, and castles and knights were doomed because they couldn’t defend against the new found deadly firepower

what were the Crusades

Religious or holy wars

Who took part in the Crusades

Muslim Turks and Christinas

Where did the crusades take place

Jerusalem aka the Holy Land

why were the Crusades fought, who and why

The Jews, Muslims, and Christians wanted control of Jerusalem. The Jews wanted it because of the temple Sulimans, the Muslims waned it because they believed the Muhammad lived and ascended into heaven in Jerusalem and the Christinas wanted it because they believed that Jesus lived, died, buried and sent to heaven in Jerusalem. Which is also why mist is called the Holy Land

How were the Crusades supported

the emperors the Byzantine asked the Pope for soldiers because the Muslim Turks invaded the Empire, the Pope agrees to save Jerusalem because it saves his Christian empire.

What happened during the First Crusade

European soldiers with Red Cross tunics walked 3000 miles in attempt to capture Jerusalem, not prepared, so thousands died or were enslaved. However, even ill prepared and down thousands, the Europeans captured Jerusalem

what happened during the Second Crusade

Saladin, a Muslim political and military leader, recaptured Jerusalem

what was the Third Crusade known as

this was known as the Crusade of the kings

What happened during the Third Crusade

King Richard I/Richard the Lion-Hearted led crusaders to retake Jerusalem but were unsuccessful. Saladin (the Muslim leader) and Richard signed a treaty that Jerusalem was under Muslim control in return for Christians being allowed to visit the cities holy places

What were the positive effects of the Crusades

increased trade between Europe and Asia which improved the economy and helped towns and cities, increased contact with cultures of the eastern Mediterranean region, and there was lots of cultural diffusion

What were the negative effects of the Crusades

Many people look to the Crusades to understand the tensions between the west and the Middle East today