OpenStax American Govt Ch 17

balance of power

a situation in which no one nation or region is much more powerful militarily than any other in the world

balance of trade

the relationship between a country's inflow and outflow of goods

Cold War

the period from shortly after World War II until approximately 1989-1990 when advanced industrial democracies divided behind the two superpowers (East: Soviet Union, West: United States) and the fear of nuclear war abounded

congressional executive agreement

an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated by the president and approved by a simple majority of the House and Senate

containment

the effort by the United States and Western European allies, begun during the Cold War, to

prevent the spread of communism

diplomacy

the establishment and maintenance of a formal relationship between countries

foreign policy

a government's goals in dealing with other countries or regions and the strategy used to

achieve them

free trade

a policy in which a country allows the unfettered flow of goods and services between itself

and other countries

hard power

the use or threat of military power to influence the behavior of another country

isolationism

a foreign policy approach that advocates a nation's staying out of foreign entanglements and keeping to itself

liberal internationalism

a foreign policy approach of becoming proactively engaged in world affairs by cooperating in a community of nations

neo-isolationism

a policy of distancing the United States from the United Nations and other international organizations, while still participating in the world economy

neoconservatism

the belief that, rather than exercising restraint, the United States should aggressively use its might to promote its values and ideals around the world

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

a cross-national military organization with bases in

Belgium and Germany formed to maintain stability in Europe

protectionism

a policy in which a country does not permit other countries to sell goods and services within its borders or charges them very high tariffs to do so

selective engagement

a policy of retaining a strong military presence and remaining engaged across the world

soft power

nonmilitary tools used to influence another country, such as economic sanctions

sole executive agreement

an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated and approved by the president acting alone

treaty

an international agreement entered by the United States that requires presidential negotiation with other nation(s), consent by two-thirds of the Senate, and final ratification by the president

two presidencies thesis

the thesis by Wildavsky that there are two distinct presidencies, one for foreign and one for domestic policy, and that presidents are more successful in foreign than domestic policy

United Nations (UN)

an international organization of nation-states that seeks to promote peace, international relations, and economic and environmental programs

Why are foreign policy issues more complicated than domestic policy issues?

c. The international environment is

unpredictable.

Which of the following is not a foreign policy type?

d. bureaucratic oversight

The goals of U.S. foreign policy include ________.

a. keeping the country safe

b. securing access to foreign markets

c. protecting human rights

What are two key differences between domestic

policymaking and foreign policymaking?

A sole executive agreement is likely to be in effect longer than is a treaty.

false (shorter)

All the following are examples of sharply focused foreign policy outputs except ________.

c. emergency spending measures

The War Powers Resolution ________.

b. strengthened presidential war powers

The federal budget process matters in foreign policy for all the following reasons except ________.

c. the budget for every presidential action has

to be approved in advance

Which types of foreign policy outputs have more impact, broadly conceived ones or sharply focused ones? Why?

Broadly conceived foreign policy outputs tend to have a longer impact overall because of their permanence, though sharply focused foreign policy outputs can have more impact in the short term

In terms of formal powers in the realm of foreign policy, ________.

b. the president and Congress share power

Why do House members and senators tend to be less active on foreign policy matters than domestic ones?

c. Constituents are more directly affected by

domestic policy topics than foreign ones.

Neoconservativism is an isolationist foreign policy approach of a nation keeping to itself and engaging less internationally.

b. false (isolationism)

President George W. Bush was a proponent of liberal internationalism in his foreign policy.

a. true

The U.S. policy of containment during the Cold War related to keeping ________.

c. communism from spreading

The use of drones within other countries' borders is consistent with which school of thought?

b. neoconservativism

What are the pros and cons of the neoconservative foreign policy approach followed in recent decades?

+results

-aggression