Viruses PP (2023)

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19 Terms

1

Ebola virus

A viral infection that requires layers of defenses against accidental infection, including protective clothing and negative air-pressure cabinets.

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2

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

A fatal disease characterized by degeneration of neural tissue, leading to sponge-like lesions in the brain.

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3

Virus

Infectious agents that infect various cell types including bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, and animals.

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4

Louis Pasteur

Scientist who hypothesized that rabies was caused by a living agent smaller than bacteria and proposed the term 'virus,' meaning poison.

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5

Filterable virus

Early discovered viruses that could pass through filters designed to trap bacteria, proving the existence of infectious agents smaller than bacteria.

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6

Viral debate

Discussion on whether viruses are living organisms or mere infectious molecules since they cannot multiply independently.

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7

Obligate intracellular parasites

Viruses that cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell to create new viruses.

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8

Capsid

The protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acid core of a virus, composed of identical subunits called capsomeres.

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9

Enveloped virus

A type of virus that has an outer lipid layer derived from the host cell's membrane.

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10

Transformed cells

Cells that display increased growth rates and changes in surface molecules, often a result of viral infection leading to cancer.

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11

Bacteriophage

Viruses that specifically infect bacteria, often containing double-stranded DNA.

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12

Plaques

Clear areas in cell cultures where virus-infected cells have been lysed, indicating the presence of viral activity.

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13

Cytopathic effects (CPEs)

Virus-induced damage to host cells that alters their microscopic appearance, including changes in shape and intracellular structures.

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14

Lysogeny

A condition where viral DNA is incorporated into the host's chromosome and replicated without causing cell lysis.

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15

Viroids

Virus-like agents that parasitize plants, composed of naked RNA strands lacking a capsid.

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16

Antiviral drugs

Medications specifically designed to target viral life cycle steps, unlike antibiotics which target bacteria.

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17

Provirus

Viral DNA that is integrated into the host's DNA, maintaining a latent state within the host cell.

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18

Oncoviruses

Viruses capable of causing cancer by incorporating genes that alter cellular growth regulation.

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19

Nucleic acids

The core genetic material of viruses, which can be either DNA or RNA, but not both.

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