Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as discussed in the lecture.

What are the two main types of cells compared in the lecture?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

What characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have DNA that is not enclosed in a membrane.

What is the structure found in prokaryotic cell walls?

Peptidoglycan.

What are the three main bacterial shapes?

Cocci, Bacilli, Spirals.

What structure allows bacteria to move?

Flagella.

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

Protection from phagocytosis, attachment to surfaces, and protection from environmental stressors.

What are histones, and how are they related to DNA in eukaryotic cells?

Histones are proteins that help package DNA in eukaryotic cells.

How do eukaryotic cells divide?

By mitosis.

What are plasmids?

Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules found in the nucleoid.

What occurs during sporulation in some Gram-positive bacteria?

Formation of endospores in response to adverse environmental conditions.

What is the role of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Maintains cell shape and protects against rupture due to osmotic pressure.

What are the two types of movement across cell membranes?

Active and passive transport.

What happens in a hypotonic solution to a bacterial cell?

The cell may undergo lysis due to excess water entering.

What is the main component of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer.

How do ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ in number and size compared to eukaryotic ribosomes.

What are endospores, and why are they significant?

Resting cells formed in adverse conditions; they are significant for their ability to survive processing in the food industry.