American Expansion and Influence

Rough Riders

Volunteer group led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Cuban campaign

Foraker Act

Legislation granting limited self-government to Puerto Rico in 1900

Insular Cases

Supreme Court rulings stating the Constitution did not apply fully to territories like the Philippines and Puerto Rico

Platt Amendment

Document forcing Cuba to include provisions favorable to the US in its constitution

Open Door Note

Message urging respect for Chinese commercial rights in China

Boxer Rebellion

Violent uprising in China against foreign influence, notably targeting foreigners

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Agreement granting the US control over the Panama Canal Zone

Roosevelt Corollary

Policy allowing US intervention in Latin America to prevent European involvement

Portsmouth Peace Agreement

Treaty brokered by Roosevelt to end the Russo-Japanese War

Gentlemen's Agreement

Diplomatic understanding between the US and Japan to limit Japanese immigration

Teller Amendment

Legislation promising Cuban independence after the Spanish-American War

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader of the rebellion against American occupation in the Philippines

William H. Taft

Leader of the Philippine Commission tasked with setting up Filipino government

Bunau-Varilla

Leader of the Panamanian revolt against Colombian rule

Anti-Imperialistic League

Group opposing US expansionist policies, notably against the Philippines

Russo-Japanese War

Conflict between Russia and Japan, resolved by Roosevelt's mediation

McKinley

President who led the US through the Spanish-American War and subsequent events

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic presidential candidate in 1900, known for his anti-imperialist stance

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Agreement allowing the US to build and fortify the Panama Canal

Little Brown Brothers

Term referring to Filipinos' expectation of independence post-treaty

McKinley's Assassination

Event leading to Theodore Roosevelt assuming the presidency

Preventative Intervention

Policy created by Roosevelt to pay off Latin American debts and prevent European involvement

Root-Takahira Agreement

Pact between the US and Japan respecting each other's territorial possessions

McKinley's Benevolent Assimilation

Slow plan to assimilate Filipinos through economic and educational reforms

Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy

Belief in strong presidential leadership and bold action for the public good