Immunology and Serology-Lec | M1L1

Edward Jenner

• 1700

• Vaccination of cowpox against smallpox.

Louis Pasteur

• 1885

• Reported live attenuated vaccine against rabies.

Emil von Behring

• 1901

• Antiserum therapy especially against diphtheria.

Robert Koch

• 1905

• Tuberculosis

Paul Ehrlich

• 1908

• Theories of Immunity (Cellular & Humoral)

Elie Metchnikoff

• 1908

• Phagocytosis

Alexis Carrell

• 1912

• Organ grafting

Charles Richet

• 1913

• Anaphylaxis

Jules Bordet

• 1919

• Theories of Immunity / Complement

Karl Landsteiner

• 1930

• Human Blood Groups

Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Ernst Borischain, Lord Howard Walter Floray

• 1945

• Penicillin

Salk and Sabin

• 1949

• development of the polio vaccine

Max Theiler

• 1951

• Yellow Fever Vaccine

Selman Abraham Waksman

• 1952

• Streptomycin as first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis

Daniel Bovet

• 1957

• Antihistamine research

Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg

• 1959

• Mechanism of biological synthesis of DNA and RNS

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Sir Peter Brian Medawar

• 1960

• Acquired Immunological Tolerance

Francois Jacob, Andrei Lwoff, Jacques Monod

• 1965

• Genetic Control of Enzymes and Viruses synthesis

Payton Rous

• 1966

• Tumor-inducing viruses

Robert Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall Nirenberg

• 1968

• Genetic code and its function in protein

Max Delbruck, Alfred Hershey, Salvador Luria

• 1969

• Replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses

Rodney Porter, Gerald Edelman

• 1972

• Chemical structure of Immunoglobulins

David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Ternin

• 1975

• Interaction between tumor viruses and genetic material of the cell.

Kohler

• 1975

• First monoclonal antibody

Rosalyn Yallow

• 1977

• Radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones

Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton Smith

• 1978

• Restriction enzymes/ application to problems of molecular genetics

Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George Snell

• 1980

• Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility

Barbara McClintock

• 1983

• Mobile Genetic Elements (transposons)

Cesar Milstein, George Kohler, Niels Jerne

• 1984

• Hybridoma Technology / Monoclonal antibodies

Susumo Tonegawa

• 1987

• Immunoglobulin genetics, ab diversity

J. Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus

• 1989

• Cellular Origin of Retroviral oncogenes

Joseph Murray, E. Donnell Thomas

• 1990

• Organ & Cell Transplantation

Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel

• 1996

• Sepcificity of cell-mediated immune defense (dual recognition)

Stanley Prusiner

• 1997

• Prions as a new biological principle of infection

Gunter Blobel

• 1999

• Signal Transduction

Durham and Gruber

• 1999

• Agglutination

Graber and Williams

• 1999

• Immunoelectrophoresis

Ishizaka

• 1999

• IgE

Isaacs and Lindenmann

• 1999

• Interferons

Edward Jenner

• 1999

• Smallpox Vaccine

Kraus

• 1999

• Precipitation

Frazer

• 2005

• Development of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine

Immunology

area of biology that is concerned with the process by which all living organisms defend themselves against infection.

Immunity

ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogen or antigens.