Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure substance: type of matter with $constant composition$: $EX$: the element Carbon, or the compound CO2

Element: $pure substance$ that $cannot be broken down$ into any other substance

Atom: $smallest unit$ of an element that still $maintains the properties$ of that element.

Compound: pure substance that is Made of $2+ elements chemically combined in a definite ratio$. Can be broken down by chemical reactions only. $AKA$: molecule.

Mixtures: 2+ substances that are combined but not chemically bonded, so the constituents still retain their original properties.

Constituents: the substances that make up the mixture.

Homogeneous Mixture: $uniform throughout.$

Heterogeneous Mixture: Not uniform throughout.

Solution: another name for Heterogeneous mixture.

Separations of Mixtures:

Filtration: separates liquids (water and solutions) from solids. Will not work for homogenous mixtures since the whole thing is a solution.

Decanting: allows liquids and solids to separate using gravity.

Distillation: separates liquids by taking advantage of different boiling points.

Evaporation: Boiling the mixture and allowing the water to evaporate, leaves solids and solutes without the water.

Pure substance VS Mixtures flow chart: