Studied by 12 people
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that cannot be broken down by chemical means
Subatomic Particle
The particles inside an atom
Proton
Particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge
Neutron
Particle found in the nucleus of an atom, without any charge
Nucleus
Positively charged centre of the atom containing protons and neutrons
Electron
Particle found in an atom with a negative charge
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell
Shell
Path the electrons take orbiting the nucleus
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Nucleon Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have the same proton number, but a different nucleon number
Element
Pure Substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means
Physical Property
A property of matter that does not involve a chemical change (what they look like)
Chemical Property
A property of matter that changes during a chemical reaction (how they behave)
Monatomic
A molecule that contains only one atom
Diatomic
A molecule that contains two atoms
Molecule
A small group of atoms bonded together
Bond
An (electrostatic) force of attraction that holds particles together
Mixture
Contains two, or more, substances not chemically joined together
Alloy
A mixture that contains at least one metal
Define Element
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into anyhting simpler by chemical means
How many types of atoms are an element made up of?
one
What type of atom are elements made of?
neutral atoms
What are neutral atoms?
neutral atoms are atoms with the same number fo protons and electrons
How is the Periodic Table of Elements arranged?
it is arranged in increasing atomic number order
what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
groups
what are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
periods
What is the block in the middle of the Periodic table called?
Transitional Metals
What group is Hydrogen in?
Hydrogen isn't in any group
What do atoms in the same period have in common?
they have the same number of shells
What do atoms in the same group have in common?
they have the same number of valence electrons
How do elements in the same group usually react?
they usually react in the same way
Where are the metals located on the Periodic table?
left/middle
Where are the non-metals located on the Periodic table?
right
What seperated the metals and non-metals on the periodic table?
a diagonal line, like a staircase
Name all of the properties of metals
Shiny, electrical conductor, Thermal conductor, Malleable, Ductile, Sonorous
Name all of the properties of non-metals
Dull, electrical conductor, thermal conductor, Brittle
What does shiny mean?
shine when freshly cut, or polished
What does dull mean?
not very reflective
Electrical conductor
allows electricity to pass through
Electrical Insulator
do not allow electricity to pass through (except graphite)
What is graphite a form of?
carbon
Thermal conductor
heats up and cools down quickly
Thermal insulator
heats up and cools down slowly
Malleable
Can be bent and hammered into different shapes without them breaking
Brittle
breaks instead of being bent or reshaped
Ductile
metals can be pulled and streched into long, thin wires
Sonorous
Metals make a ringing sound when hit.
What is another name for Group I?
Alkali Metals
How many valence electrons do Alkali metals have?
one valence electron
are the physical and chemical properties of Alkali Metals similar?
yes
name all of the physical properties of alkali metals
Soft - can be cut with a knife, low density - floats on water, low melting and boiling points
are group 1's physical properties usual or unusual for metals?
unusual for metals
name all of the chemical properties of the Alkali Metals
React violently with water to form hydrogen gas and an alkalai, reacts explosively with acids to form hydrogen gas and salt, burns in oxygen (and air) with brightly colored flames to form bases
What do you do to prevent alkali metals from reacting with oxygen or water vapour in air?
you have to store them in oil
name all of the trends down group I
Gets softer, density increases, melting and boiling points decreases, reactivity increases
Another way to say Group II
Alkaline Earth Metals
How many valence electrons do Alkaline Earth metals have?
two
are the physical and chemical properties of the Alkaline Earth metals similar or different ?
similar
List all of Group II 's physical properties
Harder than Group I, Higher density than group I, higher melting and boiling points than Group I
List all of the Alkaline Earth Metals' Chemical Properties
reacts with water to form a hydrogen gas and an alkali, reacts violently with acids to form a hydrogen gas and a salt, burns in oxygen (and air) with brightly colored flames ro form bases
are group II metals as reactive as Group I metals?
no
do Alkaline Earth Metals need to be kept under oil to prevent them from reacting with the air?
no
name all of the trends going down Group II
Density and Reactivity Increases
Where are transition metals found in the periodic table?
in the middle
Are transition metals much more reactive than groups I & II or much less reactive
they are much less reactive
State all of the physical properties of Transition Metals.
Strong, high mpt and bpt (except mercury it is a liquid at room temperature), high density
State all of the chemical properties of Transition Metals.
Usually reacts (slowly) with water to form a hydrogen and an alkali, usually reacts with acids to form a hydrogen and a salt, form coloured compounds
Which group is the most reactive?
Group I
What are the most reactive groups in order?
Group I, Group II, Group III, Transition Metals
Do transition metals' reactivity increase down the group?
no
which groups does the reactivity increase down the group?
Groups I and II
Which metal is the most reactive?
Potassium
Which metal is the least reacitve?
Platinum
How many metals are there in the table that shows the most reactive to the least reactive elements?
12
Are Halogens metals or non-metals?
non-metals
Name all of the Physical Properties of Halogens
Are colourful elements, are poisonous, have low melting and boiling points.
How many Halogens are there?
5
What is the colour and state of matter of Fluorine at room temperature?
Yellow gas
What is the colour and state of matter of Chlorine at room temperature?
Green gas
What is the colour and state of matter of Bromine at room temperature?
Red-brown liquid
What is the colour and state of matter of Iodine at room temperature?
grey solid
What is the colour and state of matter of Astatine at room temperature?
black solid
Name all of the chemical properties of Halogens
Form diatomic molecules, are reactive non-metals, react with water usually forming acidic oxides
What are all the trends down Group VII?
Colour gets darker, density increases, melting and boiling points increase, becomes less reactive
What are all of the names for Group 0?
Group VIII, Noble Gases, Inert Gases
Are Noble gases metals or non-metals?
non-metals
Are Inert gases reactive or unreactive?
unreactive
How many groups on the periodic table are unreactive?
one
Why do inert gases not react with other elements?
they don't react with other elements because thier outermost shell/valence shell is full.
Why do chemicals react?
chemicals react in order to gain a full, or empty outermost shell of electrons
Where are Noble gases found and how much of it is there
noble gases are found in the air in very small amounts
How many Physical properties do the inert gases have?
2
Name all of the physical properties of group 0
colourless at room tempurature, form monatomic molecules
How many chemical properties does group VIII have?
1
Name the chemical property of the noble gases
unreactive
Name all of the trends that go down Group 0
melting and boiling points increase, density increases
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