10 - Biology unit 4 human circulatory system
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34 Terms
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3 part of the system
heart, blood vessels, and blood
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what the total length of all the blood vessels in a person's body?
100 000 km long
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function of the circulatory system
acts as a transportation system for moving substances around within the body
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what does the circulatory system transport and where? (5)
1. nutrients (e.g. monosacs, amino acids) from the small intestine to all cells
2. oxygen from the lungs to all cells
3. carbon dioxide from all cells to the lungs
4. urea (a waste in the liver) to the kidneys where it is filtered out of the blood to form a part of urine
5. hormones from endocrine glands to all cells
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3 main types of blood vessels and what they do
1. arteries - carry blood away from the heart
2. veins - carry blood towards the heart
3. capillaries - tiny blood vessels that carry blood from the arteries to veins
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interstitial fluid (3)
* watery liquid that all cells of the body are bathed in (11 liters)
* to pass between the body cells and the blood, all materials (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients) must pass through it
* consist of water, salts, proteins, and nutrients
* to pass between the body cells and the blood, all materials (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients) must pass through it
* consist of water, salts, proteins, and nutrients
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closed circulatory system
blood is always found in the heart or blood vessels
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heart valves
act like turnstiles to prevent blood from flowing backwards
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what type of circulatory system do humans have?
closed circulatory system
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the heart (4)
* pumps blood throughout the circulatory system
* it is made mostly of cardiac muscle
* it is in the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)
* the heart is a double pump
* it is made mostly of cardiac muscle
* it is in the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)
* the heart is a double pump
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what type of blood does the right side of the heart have and where does it send blood to?
it sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
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what type of blood does the left side of the heart have and where does it send blood to?
it sends oxygenated blood to the body
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thoracic cavity
chest cavity
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pericardium
tough sac that covers and protects the heart
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define:
a) peri
b) cardium
a) peri
b) cardium
a) around
b) relating to the heart
b) relating to the heart
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4 chambers of the heart
right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle & left ventricle
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septum
the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart
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define lub-dup (3)
* as the heart valves close they make a sound that can be heart through a stethoscope
* lub is the closing if the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
* dup is the closing of the semilunar valves
* lub is the closing if the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
* dup is the closing of the semilunar valves
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2 main period of the heart pumping
diastole & systole
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define diastole
when the heart muscle is relaxed
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define systole
when the heart is contracted
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in what order do the chambers conract
first the atria contract and then the ventricles contract
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SA node (pacemaker) (3)
* sinoatrial node
* found in the upper wall of the right atrium
* maintains the heart pumping rhythm by setting the rate at which the heart contracts
* found in the upper wall of the right atrium
* maintains the heart pumping rhythm by setting the rate at which the heart contracts
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AV node (3)
* atrioventricular node
* found at the base of the right atrium
* these cells have long projections that pass down into the walls of the ventricles
* found at the base of the right atrium
* these cells have long projections that pass down into the walls of the ventricles
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two small regions of the heart that have the special muscle cells with the built-in ability to contract
sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
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cardiac muscle has a built-in ability to…
contract
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What is the smallest blood vessel?
capillaries
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blood pressure (4)
* blood pushes against the inside wall of blood vessels
* decreases as blood moves further away from the heart
* pulse is the bulging of arteries that occurs during systole
* blood is moved through veins when the skeletal muscle on either side of a vein contact
* decreases as blood moves further away from the heart
* pulse is the bulging of arteries that occurs during systole
* blood is moved through veins when the skeletal muscle on either side of a vein contact
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what does coronary circulation do? (3)
* it supplies blood to the heart
* the coronary arteries branch to form arterioles and the capillaries
* the coronary veins drain the blood directly into the chambers of the heart
* the coronary arteries branch to form arterioles and the capillaries
* the coronary veins drain the blood directly into the chambers of the heart
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which of the two types of heart chambers has thicker walls?
the ventricles
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which heart chambers contract first?
the atria
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what is a special ability of cardiac muscle?
it can keep beating after being removed if it is in a certain substance
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what are the two special muscle regions in the heart?
the atrioventricular node and the sinoatrial node
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how do the nodes help the heart beat?
1. the SA node sends out an electrical signal, causing the atria to contract
2. when the signal reaches the AV, it causes the ventricles to contract