APUSH Chapter 1 Notes

Time Period of chapter 1

33,000 BC to 1769 CE

Canadian Shield

Zone undergirded by ancient rock, first part of North American landmarks

Regions

Biomes formed during the Ice Age , rivers begin to cross thru America

America's Geography

Made America nearly unraidable

Incas

Indians in Peru, sophisticated rock building

Aztecs

Mexico, complex civilizations, advanced agriculture

Animal Roles

Travel, building, and farming which propelled civilizations

Nation-States

Comparable to Aztecs, outside of the main nation

Cahokia

Mississippian Settlement relying on corn with a population of 25,000

Three Sister Farming

Use of Maize, Beans, and Rice. Each plant helped another grow. Gave Natives a better diet, used by Cherokee and Choctaw tribes

Corn

Main product of Native Americans, staff of life and foundation

Terraform

Native's wanted to keep the natural landscape but newcomers would alter it to their liking for their purposes

Europe's Trade

Drive toward Asia, African penetration, and accidental discovery of North America

Crusades

Took military control in the land of Islam, caused European exploration. Europe lost, which created a higher demand for trade

Middlemen

Muslims who had a rough time en route for spices

Caravel

A type of sail on a ship that could go with or against wind

Plantation

Large, commercial agriculture for exploitation of slave labor. Shaped the destiny of the new world

Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China

Columbian Exchange

Exchange between Europeans and Natives, combination of old and new worlds

Treaty of Tordesillas

Dividing land with Portugal and Spain from Columbus

Encomienda

Government commended Indians to colonists to Christianize them

Noche Triste

Sad night, Aztecs drove the Spanish down

Black Legend

Conquerers tortured and butchered Indians, stole everything and greatly effecting their ways of life

Capitalism

Economic system from Europe that balanced its money

Mestizo

Mixed Indians with European heritage

Conquistadors

Spanish leaders who conquered the Native lands

Battle of Acoma

Spanish victory, cut off a foot of all surrendering Indians

Pope's Rebellion

Surpressing Native Religions for Catholicism

Glaciers

Shaped geography

Where did our ancestors most likely come from?

China over the Beringa land bridge

2nd Migration

Travel through water

Cultures

Each tribe adapted to local environment, 54 mil people and 2000+ languages

Paleolithic

Ended nomads, no longer a need for constant travel

Ahasazi

Certain way of apartment style and hunting style

Mississippian Culture

Built mounds to avoid floods, fertile soil

Eastern Woodlands

Longhouses, communal property, live with the environment, Iroquois

Norse

First europeans to visit America in Vinland, did not spread word

Leif Erikson

First Viking to locate America in 1001, reached Vinland in Canada

Astrolabe

Told latitude but not longitude

European Society

Men and nobility had power, little to no inheritance

Africa

Europe was aware but never made contact, traded with the Portuguese, took gold and slaves, founded American plantation systems

Columbus' Ships

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria which found the Bahamas

Ecosystem

Impacted from unintentional spread of plants, diseases, and animals

Pope 1493

Divides Spain and Portugal

Brazil

Only land in Portuguese territory

Balboa

First European to see Pacific by crossing Panama

Magellan

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world

Ponce de Leon

Spanish explorer who accompanied Columbus on his second trip in 1493; in 1513 he discovered Florida while searching for the legendary Fountain of Youth

Cibola

Mystical city of gold never found, probably in Coronado

De Soto

Explored the Mississippi River

Mayans

Focus on calendars and astronomy

Legend of Quetzicoati

Pizarro

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima

Smallpox

Most devestating disease to the Natives

Pope's Rebellion 1680

Kill Priests and destroy Catholic settlements

King Phillip

Protected colonists from the muslims

Viceroy

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign