Urbanization and Sustainable Development in London and Mumbai

Stratford regeneration

Created 2000 jobs and 2800 new homes.

Urban sprawl

Expansion into countryside, harming biodiversity.

Sustainable Urban Development

City environments protect atmosphere and quality of life.

Public transport investment

Government funding for transport and cycle schemes.

Green spaces

Over 10 hectares improve carbon sink in London.

Traffic congestion problems

Causes air pollution and delays emergency services.

Transport for London (TFL)

1.37 billion daily tube passengers reduce emissions.

Congestion charge

ULEZ tax reduces cars in Central London.

Urbanisation

Growth of population in urban areas.

Causes of urbanisation

Natural increase and rural to urban migration.

Megacity

Urban area with over 10 million people.

Growth of megacities

Expected 41 megacities by 2040.

Push factors

Unemployment and lower wages drive migration.

Pull factors

Better living conditions attract migrants.

Mumbai

India's largest city, significant economic hub.

Population growth in Mumbai

Driven by rural to urban migration.

Social opportunities in Mumbai

30 hospitals and free primary schools available.

Economic opportunities in Mumbai

10% of India's factory employment, Bollywood industry.

Social challenges in Mumbai

Poor sanitation and high crime rates.

Environmental challenges in Mumbai

9 million tonnes of waste produced annually.

Vision Mumbai

Government plan to improve living conditions.

Population density in UK

Higher near coasts and major cities.

Migration impacts in London

Skilled workers fill job shortages, increase taxes.

Cultural diversity in London

Over 300 languages and various cultural events.

Economic significance of London

46% of UK's GVA, major financial center.

Social challenges in London

High unemployment and housing shortages.

Environmental issues in Stratford

Former industrial area, polluted waterways.