Unit 2 - The Internet (copy)

Computing Device

A machine that can run a program

Computing System

A group of computing devices and programs working together

Computing Network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Path

The series of connections between computing devices on a network

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

A protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Redundancy

The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures

HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Internet

A computer network consisting of interconnected networks

World Wide Web

A system of linked pages, programs, and files

Digital Divide

Differing access to computing devices and the Internet based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Router

A device that forwards data packets to the appropriate parts of a computer network. Think of traffic manager

Internet Protocol find the ____________ path. What does that mean?

Cheapest - most time saved, and based on politics/relations

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

protocol that ensures packets are ordered and all there. Think of Spotify song

The internet doesn't send messages in _____________ ________________ __________________

direct, dedicated connections. Packets follow dif. paths each time

metadata

data that describes other data. Think of spreadsheet example

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

The goal is to send out info quickly without worrying about accuracy/organization. It sends all the packets through but doesn't check for order, useful when split seconds matter more than accuracy like Facetiming.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Slower protocol for transporting packets that ensures accuracy. Numbers the packets so they can be reordered, confirm that all arrived, and resend any missing ones. (Useful when accuracy matters like emails and websites.)

Do computers have the same IP address under all networks?

No. They have different IP addresses under each network/wifi

DNS (Domain Name System)

A protocol that looks up domains (URLs) IP addresses when you search for something. If it does not have the IP address you are requesting it asks for another ___. They are all interconnected through Servical hierarchy (all the WWW's together)

DNS Spoofing

Since DNS is on the internet it is open/susceptible to cyber attacks. Hackers can ___ a DNS and make you go to a different website than u wanted to. You wouldn't be aware.

The DNS and IP are designed to . . .

scale

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

uses tags to design the websites that we see

HTTP and HTML relationship

HTTP is the language that is used between computers to build websites. We put in a tag using HTML, then the computers say GET _____ and send it back to us

Separate HTTP requests are needed for ___________ when building a website

images

Post request

HTTP method that the user sends to the server such as login info

cookies

An ID #that websites use to recognize you and your preferences/info

SSL and TLS

A layer of security to protect HTTP messages

Digital Certificate

a "certificate" that verifies that the site is who they say they are. Part of SSL/TLS protocol