Modern Physics

1880

when classical physics moves to modern physics

light was waves that traveled through..

aether

Michelson Morely

failed to find the aether for light, was the 1st person to accurately measure the speed of light, speed matched prediction but didn’t give reference frame.

if aether did not exist

atoms couldn’t exist, atoms would fall into the nucleus in less than a millionth of a second.

henry lorentz

time and distance both change according to velocity

albert einstein

assumed the speed of light is the same for all reference frames.

twin paradox

less will time will pass for the twin on the rocket because of the acceleration that changes the internal reference frames.

length contraction

objects and distances become shorter in the direction of motion, time slows down because of the motion. The mountain is much shorter because of the velocity.

special relativity fixed

the conflict between light waves’ velocity.

michelson-morely experiment and maxwell’s equations

determined that there is no superior reference frame. All observers see light traveling at the same speed.

general relativity was in conflict with

newton’s idea of gravity

general relativity

fabric of spacetime is around us at all times

de brogle

discovered that particles can act like waves

erwin schrodinger

showed electrons as waves around the nucleus

de brogle and Erwin schrodinger explained

the shape of the periodic table of elements.

werner heisenberg

can’t see atom in current states, observation will change the atom. you can only know the probabilities of certain states.

born

probability wave

probability wave

represented all possible locations for a particle. that particle will be in all possible locations until someone observes it.

heisneberg’s uncertainty principle

you can never know a particle’s position and momentum at the same time

entanglement

2 particles can become liked so that they will always have opposite properties. happens even with with particles that don’t have a definite state.

tunneling

happens because the particle borrows energy from its future self. The more energy It borrows, the faster it has to pay it back.

gravity acts how on large and very small scales

weird

relativity

works for massive and fast moving objects

relativity light speed

nothing can travel faster than light

quantum mechanics

tiny objects, works for small objects like atoms.

quantum mechanics light

instantaneous jumps happen for electrons in orbitals, the quantum leap

entanglement can influence particles very far away instantaneously.

string theory (m-theory)

added more spacial dimensions (9 dimensions)