Orgo Lab Safety

Which statement is true?

(a) Most carcinogens are mutagens.

(b) All mutagens are harmful.

(C) About 50-60% of known mutagens are carcinogens.

(d) Mutagenicity tests are only performed on known carcinogens.

c

Which of the following factors are the primary causes of chronic disease? I. Genetics II. Lifestyle choices III. Age IV. Chemicals

(A) I, II and IV

(B) II, III, and IV

(C) I, II and III

(D) I and IV

C

The Laboratory Standard (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450)

(A) Ignores the issue of chronic toxicity because it is so rare in chemistry labs

(B) Regulates the specific levels of known chronic toxicants

(C) Requires that scientists be aware of risks and hazards associated with chronic toxicants

(D) Requires that the ACGIH determines the TLVs for all chronic toxicants

C

It is known that we ingest small amounts of large numbers of synthetic and naturally occurring chronically toxic compounds regularly

(A) And this accounts for the relatively high cancer rate in the United States

(B) But since the toxic effects of these substances are not detected it is clear that the body’s defense system can usually handle these chemical assaults

(C) But the delay time between ingestion and illness is predicted to be over 80 years so the effects are rarely seen

(D) But the effect of these compounds is masked by other illnesses

B

The element mercury

(A) Is much more toxic by ingestion than inhalation

(B) Produces symptoms as soon as blood level concentrations rise to detectable levels

(C) Was widely used in laboratories in the 20th century where spills of the liquid Hg occurred and exposed chemists to Hg vapors

(D) Is the preferred liquid in thermometers because it is so chemically inert

C

What percentage of chemicals known to cause cancer in humans is regulated by OSHA?

(A) Less than 10%

(B) About 25%

(C) About 60%

(D) 100%

B

Chronic toxicity studies

(A) Are sometimes not conducted because we don’t know what symptom or effect to measure

(B) Sometimes occur based on the accidental exposure of a group of people to a chemical

(D) Are usually more definitive in establishing a cause-effect relationship than acute toxicity studies

(D) Both (a) and (b) are true

D

A substance is a “select carcinogen” if it

(A) Is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen

(B) Is “known to be a carcinogen” in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the NTP

(C) Is listed as Group 1, Group 2A or Group 2B by the IARC and causes statistically significant tumor incidence under specified conditions

(D) All of the above

D

What percentage of chemicals tested for carcinogenicity actually turn out to be carcinogens?

(A) Less than 5%

(B) About 10%

(C) About 45%

(D) About 60%

A

Which statement is true?

(a) Acute toxicity does not predict chronic toxicity.

(B) We know much more about acute toxicity that we do about chronic toxicity.

(C) Studies that evaluate chronic toxicity are very expensive.

(D) All of the above are true.

D

The likelihood of suffering an adverse, chronic effect while working with chemicals in undergraduate laboratories is

(A) Small, because almost no chronic substances are allowed in labs

(B) Small, because chronic exposure in academic labs is unlikely

(C) Moderate, because academic labs take few precautions against exposure to chronic toxins

(D) Large, but we don’t know how large since all of the effects are delayed

B

Which statement is true?

(A) OSHA regulates about 30 substances as known carcinogens.

(B) OSHA regulates almost 300 substances as known carcinogens.

(C) OSHA recommends, but does not require, that special practices be established when handling select carcinogens.

(D) OSHA regulates mutagens more strictly than carcinogens.

A