AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (Developments in East Asia) - VOCABULARY

Every vocabulary word you need to know for APWH 1.1.

Song Dynasty

10th-13th century (after & smaller than Tang)

wealthy

artistic & intellectual pursuits

political stability

Neo-Confucianism

proto-industrialization

Confucian & Buddhist influence

expanded bureaucracy

emphasized Confucianism

respected Buddhism

(Imperial) Bureaucracy

hierarchy of (government) officials

Qin Dynasty

200s BCE

start of civil service exam

Emperor Song Taizu

expanded educational opportunities to young men of lower classes

Civil Service Exam

Chinese exam on Confucianism

determined young man’s position in government

Meritocracy

government positions are awarded purely on competence

Grand Canal

large waterway route built in northeastern China

Gunpowder

Song Dynasty invention (first used for fireworks but then used in warfare)

Champa Rice

brought from the Champa Kingdom (Vientam)

11th century

fast-ripening

drought-resistant

spread agriculture

two crops per year (summer/winter)

Coal

discovered in China in 4th century BCE

Proto-industrialization

precedes spread industrialization

Artisans

skilled craftworkers

Tributes

other countries paying China

began in Han dynasty

Japan, Korea, S.E. Asia

expanded by Zheng He

Kowtow

respectful bow to the Chinese emperor (when paying tributes)

Cosmopolitan Metropolises

active centers of commerce with entertainment to offer

Scholar gentry

new social class

outnumbered aristocracy

educated in Confucianism

high influence

Aristocracy

landowners who inherited wealth

Foot binding

keeping girl’s feet small

common in aristocracy

sign of beauty, high social status

limited societal movement

Paper

invented in 2nd century China

Woodblock Printing

invented 7th century

printed Buddhist scripture & farming pamphlets

Buddhism

via Silk Roads from India

evident during anarchic period between Han & Sui

widespread in Tang

Xuanzang

7th century Buddhist monk

made Buddhism popular in China

Theravada Buddhism

spiritual growth through meditation/discipline

SE Asia

Mahayana Buddhism

spiritual growth for all beings

service

China & Korea

Tibetan Buddhism

chanting

Tibet

Four Noble Truths

idea personal suffering can be relieved by eliminating desire

Eight-Fold Path

led to enlightenment/nirvana

Nirvana

end of reincarnation

Dao

the way

Chan/Zen Buddhism

syncretic beliefs of Buddhism/Daoism

direct experience/meditation>scripture

Monasteries

places where monks live

Middle Kingdom

leaders of Tang

rejected/outlawed Buddhist practices (unlike Song)

Filial Piety

subordination

(children to parents, women to men, families/everyone to ruler)

Confucian idea

Neo-Confucianism

evolved in China between 770-840

Daoism & Buddhism

emphasized ethics rather than mysteries of God/nature

popular in Korea, Japan, Vietnam

combined rational thought with abstract ideas of Daoism/Buddhism

Prince Shotoku Taishi

(574-622)

promoted Buddhism & Confucianism along with Shintoism

during his era Japan picked up woodblock printing

Heian Period

(794-1185)

Japan emulates Chinese politics, art, literature

The Tale of Genji

world’s first novel

11th century

about Japanese prince and his life at court

Japanese Feudalism

structure of manorial trade between daimyo, samurai, and serfs (highest-lowest hierarchial rank)

Diamyo

landowning aristocrats

battled for control of land

provided land & shelter to lower classes

Samurai

protectors

followed “code of bushido”

Code of Chivalry

oath to countymen, women, duty to God

expressed through virtues

Code of Bushido

code of frugality, martial arts, loyalty, and honor unto death

Minamoto Clan

installed shogun in 1192 when Heian court declined

limited power of the emperor

wealthy family

Shogun

dealt with Japanese rivalries for 4 centuries before developing strong government

Nuclear Family

family of a wife, husband, and children

Vietnam

Korea

Chinese tributary state

emulated Chinese politics and culture

civil service exam (not open to peasants)

elite studied Confucianism

poor studied Buddhism

powerful aristocracy

Vietnam

Chinese trading partner

adopted Chinese writing system & architecture

adversarial to Chinese/often revolutions

more gender equality

operated independently of centralized government

merit-based bureaucracy

scholars loyal to peasants

Polygyny

having more than one wife at the same time

Guerilla Warfare

war by independent force