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Every vocabulary word you need to know for APWH 1.1.
Song Dynasty
10th-13th century (after & smaller than Tang)
wealthy
artistic & intellectual pursuits
political stability
Neo-Confucianism
proto-industrialization
Confucian & Buddhist influence
expanded bureaucracy
emphasized Confucianism
respected Buddhism
(Imperial) Bureaucracy
hierarchy of (government) officials
Qin Dynasty
200s BCE
start of civil service exam
Emperor Song Taizu
expanded educational opportunities to young men of lower classes
Civil Service Exam
Chinese exam on Confucianism
determined young man’s position in government
Meritocracy
government positions are awarded purely on competence
Grand Canal
large waterway route built in northeastern China
Gunpowder
Song Dynasty invention (first used for fireworks but then used in warfare)
Champa Rice
brought from the Champa Kingdom (Vientam)
11th century
fast-ripening
drought-resistant
spread agriculture
two crops per year (summer/winter)
Coal
discovered in China in 4th century BCE
Proto-industrialization
precedes spread industrialization
Artisans
skilled craftworkers
Tributes
other countries paying China
began in Han dynasty
Japan, Korea, S.E. Asia
expanded by Zheng He
Kowtow
respectful bow to the Chinese emperor (when paying tributes)
Cosmopolitan Metropolises
active centers of commerce with entertainment to offer
Scholar gentry
new social class
outnumbered aristocracy
educated in Confucianism
high influence
Aristocracy
landowners who inherited wealth
Foot binding
keeping girl’s feet small
common in aristocracy
sign of beauty, high social status
limited societal movement
Paper
invented in 2nd century China
Woodblock Printing
invented 7th century
printed Buddhist scripture & farming pamphlets
Buddhism
via Silk Roads from India
evident during anarchic period between Han & Sui
widespread in Tang
Xuanzang
7th century Buddhist monk
made Buddhism popular in China
Theravada Buddhism
spiritual growth through meditation/discipline
SE Asia
Mahayana Buddhism
spiritual growth for all beings
service
China & Korea
Tibetan Buddhism
chanting
Tibet
Four Noble Truths
idea personal suffering can be relieved by eliminating desire
Eight-Fold Path
led to enlightenment/nirvana
Nirvana
end of reincarnation
Dao
the way
Chan/Zen Buddhism
syncretic beliefs of Buddhism/Daoism
direct experience/meditation>scripture
Monasteries
places where monks live
Middle Kingdom
leaders of Tang
rejected/outlawed Buddhist practices (unlike Song)
Filial Piety
subordination
(children to parents, women to men, families/everyone to ruler)
Confucian idea
Neo-Confucianism
evolved in China between 770-840
Daoism & Buddhism
emphasized ethics rather than mysteries of God/nature
popular in Korea, Japan, Vietnam
combined rational thought with abstract ideas of Daoism/Buddhism
Prince Shotoku Taishi
(574-622)
promoted Buddhism & Confucianism along with Shintoism
during his era Japan picked up woodblock printing
Heian Period
(794-1185)
Japan emulates Chinese politics, art, literature
The Tale of Genji
world’s first novel
11th century
about Japanese prince and his life at court
Japanese Feudalism
structure of manorial trade between daimyo, samurai, and serfs (highest-lowest hierarchial rank)
Diamyo
landowning aristocrats
battled for control of land
provided land & shelter to lower classes
Samurai
protectors
followed “code of bushido”
Code of Chivalry
oath to countymen, women, duty to God
expressed through virtues
Code of Bushido
code of frugality, martial arts, loyalty, and honor unto death
Minamoto Clan
installed shogun in 1192 when Heian court declined
limited power of the emperor
wealthy family
Shogun
dealt with Japanese rivalries for 4 centuries before developing strong government
Nuclear Family
family of a wife, husband, and children
Vietnam
Korea
Chinese tributary state
emulated Chinese politics and culture
civil service exam (not open to peasants)
elite studied Confucianism
poor studied Buddhism
powerful aristocracy
Vietnam
Chinese trading partner
adopted Chinese writing system & architecture
adversarial to Chinese/often revolutions
more gender equality
operated independently of centralized government
merit-based bureaucracy
scholars loyal to peasants
Polygyny
having more than one wife at the same time
Guerilla Warfare
war by independent force
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