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factor
military
Warrior kings
eg. Ewuare, captured 201 towns/villages
military conquest
aided in expansio, future stability (leaders as allies)
size of oba’s army
20k in a day
purpose of army
wealth to gift nobility (cermonial, marriage, death ceremonies)
expansion of wealth
means of attaining/rewarding supporters
as empire expanded
complex mechanism- tribute etc
head of the village
Odiunwere (organised agricultural production, mediated with central authority)
purpose of chalk
sent to village, power had to be accepted
tribute units in east Yorubaland
Bale-kale (obas representatives)
purpose of Bale Kale
enforced tribute, military sent in for non-compliance, financed patronage
2nd factor
government/ administrative developments
eldest son
edaiken (created by Ewuare)
succesion re-emphasised
Ozolua and Ewuakpe (1700-12), following early problems
other actions from Ewuare
strengthened town chiefs against palace factions, unified support, lessened potential of opponents- palace and town chiefs
palace and town chiefs, and 6 who appointed oba
eghavbo no’ogbe, eghavo n’ore and the uzama
Esigie’s queen mother
iyoba (spiritual backing to pwer of oba)
3 fac
geography
land
fertile- wide variety of products (Beni pepper, woven cloth, palm oil)
access to coastal ports
Gwaton, Edo 30km from coast
first European contact
Gulf of Guinea by 1470s, visited capital 1485, trading well-established by C15
result of position to a direct trading relationship
able to avoid damaging effects of slave trade (depopulation of working-age men), goods access to further wealth
hinterland
well-developed, mangrove smap/rainforest (defence)
prosperity before Europeans
from regional trade, acted as middle-trade (goods which it did not produce itself e.g. cotton/ semi-precious stone beads)
welath before military
needed geography as a strong base for further expansion
