Internet Protocol (Part 1: Why IP?)

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Flashcards about Internet Protocols based on lecture notes.

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14 Terms

1
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What is the internetworking problem?

To interconnect heterogeneous networks effectively.

2
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What is one solution to the internetworking problem based on the datalink layer?

Using bridges (L2 switches) to connect two different datalink networks

3
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What are three problems with interconnection at the data-link layer?

Do not scale to the number of data-link technologies, do not scale to the number of hosts (or networks), do not have a common addressing space.

4
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What is a scaling problem as the number of data-link technologies supported increases?

Conversion between frame structures.

5
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How can Virtual LAN (VLAN) relieve the problem of a switched LAN being a 'flat' network?

At the expense of managing VLAN membership.

6
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Why does spanning tree protocol not scale well to network size?

Take a longer time for the protocol to converge, take a longer time to respond to network state changes.

7
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What are some examples of different structures and number of bits used in MAC address space?

EUI-48, EUI-64, and Network Service Access Point address (NSAP address): E.164

8
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What defines a Layer 3 (L3) solution to the internetworking problem?

Overlay IP on top of different datalink networks, replace bridges with L3 switches (routers), add TCP/IP software to each end host, and assign an IP address to each network interface.

9
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How does an IP network achieve scalability?

Uses hierarchies to achieve scalability at three levels: a single IP host, IP subnets, and an autonomous system.

10
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How does a L3 solution address the problem of uncommon MAC address spaces?

Create a logical (unicast) address space to identify network interfaces.

11
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To transmit IP datagrams over any data-link network, what two requirements are needed?

A standard way to encapsulate IP datagrams and address resolution between IP addresses and MAC addresses

12
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What protocol does a shared medium use for address binding?

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

13
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How does Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work?

An ARP request message is data-link broadcasted on the LAN with the target IP address. If matching its IP address, send an ARP reply message back to the sender with its MAC address.

14
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What three problems does IP resolve in the internetworking problem?

Scaling to data-link technologies, scaling to network size, and uncommon MAC addresses.