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Flashcards about Internet Protocols based on lecture notes.
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What is the internetworking problem?
To interconnect heterogeneous networks effectively.
What is one solution to the internetworking problem based on the datalink layer?
Using bridges (L2 switches) to connect two different datalink networks
What are three problems with interconnection at the data-link layer?
Do not scale to the number of data-link technologies, do not scale to the number of hosts (or networks), do not have a common addressing space.
What is a scaling problem as the number of data-link technologies supported increases?
Conversion between frame structures.
How can Virtual LAN (VLAN) relieve the problem of a switched LAN being a 'flat' network?
At the expense of managing VLAN membership.
Why does spanning tree protocol not scale well to network size?
Take a longer time for the protocol to converge, take a longer time to respond to network state changes.
What are some examples of different structures and number of bits used in MAC address space?
EUI-48, EUI-64, and Network Service Access Point address (NSAP address): E.164
What defines a Layer 3 (L3) solution to the internetworking problem?
Overlay IP on top of different datalink networks, replace bridges with L3 switches (routers), add TCP/IP software to each end host, and assign an IP address to each network interface.
How does an IP network achieve scalability?
Uses hierarchies to achieve scalability at three levels: a single IP host, IP subnets, and an autonomous system.
How does a L3 solution address the problem of uncommon MAC address spaces?
Create a logical (unicast) address space to identify network interfaces.
To transmit IP datagrams over any data-link network, what two requirements are needed?
A standard way to encapsulate IP datagrams and address resolution between IP addresses and MAC addresses
What protocol does a shared medium use for address binding?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
How does Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work?
An ARP request message is data-link broadcasted on the LAN with the target IP address. If matching its IP address, send an ARP reply message back to the sender with its MAC address.
What three problems does IP resolve in the internetworking problem?
Scaling to data-link technologies, scaling to network size, and uncommon MAC addresses.