Chapter 22 - Cardiovascular system - Vessels and & circulation

What type of system is the cardiovascular system

A closed transport system

What are the two major circuits of circulation

Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

What does each circuit supply

Pulmonary circuit supplies the lungs and systemic circuit supplies the rest of the body

Name the three tunics of blood vessels

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Which tunic is the thickest in arteries

Tunica media

Which tunic contains smooth muscle

Tunica media

Which tunic is mostly connective tissue

Tunica adventitia

How can you distinguish arteries from veins histologically

Arteries have thicker walls and smaller lumens while veins have thinner walls and larger lumens

What are the three types of arteries

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles

Which arteries are called conducting arteries

Elastic arteries

Which arteries distribute blood to organs

Muscular arteries

Which vessels regulate blood flow into capillary beds

Arterioles

What is the function of capillaries

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues

Name the three types of capillaries

Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

Which capillaries have “windows”

Fenestrated capillaries

Where are sinusoids commonly found

Liver, spleen, and bone marrow

What is a capillary bed

A network of capillaries connecting arterioles and venules

What structures regulate blood flow through capillary beds

Precapillary sphincters

What are the three types of veins

Venules, medium-sized veins, and large veins

Which veins contain valves

Medium-sized veins

Why are valves important in veins

They prevent backflow of blood

What is an anastomosis

A connection between blood vessels

Why are anastomoses important

They provide alternate routes for blood flow if a vessel is blocked

Which circuit carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Pulmonary circuit

Which circuit supplies the body

Systemic circuit

What vessels are included in the pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins

Name the three branches of the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

What does the common carotid artery branch into

Internal carotid artery and external carotid artery

What does the internal carotid artery supply

The brain

Which artery supplies the brain

Internal carotid artery

Why do objects lodge more often on the right side (related to vessel/branch orientation)

The right primary branch is wider and more vertical

What veins drain into the superior vena cava

Veins from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax

What veins drain into the inferior vena cava

Veins from the lower body including the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

What does the coronary sinus drain

Deoxygenated blood from the myocardium

What is the hepatic portal system

A system of veins that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein

Carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver

What structures make up the hepatic portal triad

Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct

What happens to fetal shunts at birth

They close

When does pulmonary circulation begin

At birth when the lungs inflate

How does aging affect blood vessels

Decreased elasticity and increased risk of atherosclerosis

How does aging affect the heart

Increased workload, reduced efficiency, and higher risk of disease