The skeletal system
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
arthr/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind, tie together
kyph/o
bent, hump
lord/o
curve, swayback, bent
lumb/o
lumbar, lower back
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
bone
scoli/o
curved, bent
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
synovi/o, synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
peri-
surrounding, around
-penia
deficiency, lack of
spinal stenoisis
narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots
-malacia
abnormal softening
necrosis
death of tissue
-lysis
setting free, loosening
-lithesis
slipping
flexion
bending a joint (decrease angle)
extension
Straightening of a joint (increase angle)
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
plantar flexion
bends the foot downward at the ankle
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Elevation
raising a body part (ex: shrug shoulders)
Depression
lowering a body part (drooping the shoulders)
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward
Radial deviation
Movement of the wrist (thumb) towards the radius or lateral side
Ulnar deviation
Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side
lateral flexion
Side-bending left or right
internal rotation
rotational movement (inward) towards the midline
external rotation
Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.
supination
movement that turns the palm up (like carrying bowl of soup)
pronation
movement that turns the palm down
horizontal abduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position. Moving across body , away from body.
horizontal adduction
Movement of arm towards the midline when are parallel to ground.
circumduction
circular movement of a limb
protraction
moving a body part forward or away from body (sticking out jaw)
retraction
movement of a body part in the posterior direction (pulling jaw back-
Oppostition
tip of thumb to tip of pinky finger
Mandible
lower jaw bone, only bone of the skull not joined by sutures
Sternum
breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts
Radius
the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the forearm, "on the thumb side"
Phalanges
bones of the fingers and toes
Ribs
form the thoracic cage, 12 pairs
Tibia
the thicker and innermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "shin bone"
Fibula
the thinner and outermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "calf bone"
Scapula
shoulder blade
Carpals
wrist bones
Metacarpals
bones of the palm
Coxal
hip bone
Femur
largest bone in the body, "thigh bone"
Tarsals
ankle bones
Metatarsals
bones of the foot
Patella
knee cap
Clavicle
collar bone
Humerus
upper arm bone
Ulna
the thinner and longer of the two bones in the forearm, "on the pinky side"
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
Zygomatic
a projection of the temporal bone, found on each side of the maxilla
Frontal
forehead bone
Temporal
two bones on each side of the head that form the lower portion of the skull
Occipital
bone that forms the back of the skull
Parietal
two bones on each side of the head that form the upper portion of the skull
Ilium
the upper, wing-shaped portion of the hip bone
Ischium
the lowest portion of the hip bone, connects to the pubic symphysis
Pubis
the middle, thinnest portion of the hip bone
Pubis Symphysis
point where the right and left coxal bones join together
Cervical Vertebrae
Behind the neck, C1-C7
Thoracic Vertebrae
Behind the thoracic cage, T1-T12
Lumbar Vertebrae
Behind the lower back, L1-L5
Atlas
1st cervical vertebra
Axis
2nd cervical vertebra
Sacrum
Formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae
Coccyx
Formed by 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae, "tail bone"
Ethmoid
located between the two eye sockets
Sphenoid
two bones of each side of the head, anterior to the temporal bones
Inferior Nasal Concha
bones on the inferior lateral sides of the nasal cavity
Lacrimal
teardrop shape bone on either side of the nasal cavity
Nasal
bones that form the bridge of the nose
Palatine
bones on the superior medial portion of the nasal cavity
Vomer
the small, thin bone separating the right and left nasal cavities
206
number of bones in the skeletal system
Axial and Appendicular
two large groups of the skeletal system
Protect and support the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs housed in the thorax
functions of the axial skeleton
Sutures
immovable joints of the skull
True Ribs
ribs attached directly to the sternum, pairs 1-7
False Ribs
ribs not attached directly to the sternum, pairs 8-12
Floating Ribs
ribs that are only connected to the vertebrae, pairs 11-12
Involved in locomotion and the manipulation of the environment
functions of the appendicular skeleton
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
the 3 bones that fuse to form the coxal bones
Articulation
a location where two bone surfaces come together
Projection
an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone
Tubercle
small, rounded process or bump
Tuberosity
rough process, larger than a tubercle