Medical Terminology Chapter 3

The skeletal system

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

kyph/o

bent, hump

lord/o

curve, swayback, bent

lumb/o

lumbar, lower back

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

bone

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

peri-

surrounding, around

-penia

deficiency, lack of

spinal stenoisis

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots

-malacia

abnormal softening

necrosis

death of tissue

-lysis

setting free, loosening

-lithesis

slipping

flexion

bending a joint (decrease angle)

extension

Straightening of a joint (increase angle)

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

plantar flexion

bends the foot downward at the ankle

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Elevation

raising a body part (ex: shrug shoulders)

Depression

lowering a body part (drooping the shoulders)

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

moving the sole of the foot outward

Radial deviation

Movement of the wrist (thumb) towards the radius or lateral side

Ulnar deviation

Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side

lateral flexion

Side-bending left or right

internal rotation

rotational movement (inward) towards the midline

external rotation

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

supination

movement that turns the palm up (like carrying bowl of soup)

pronation

movement that turns the palm down

horizontal abduction

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position. Moving across body , away from body.

horizontal adduction

Movement of arm towards the midline when are parallel to ground.

circumduction

circular movement of a limb

protraction

moving a body part forward or away from body (sticking out jaw)

retraction

movement of a body part in the posterior direction (pulling jaw back-

Oppostition

tip of thumb to tip of pinky finger

Mandible

lower jaw bone, only bone of the skull not joined by sutures

Sternum

breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts

Radius

the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the forearm, "on the thumb side"

Phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

Ribs

form the thoracic cage, 12 pairs

Tibia

the thicker and innermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "shin bone"

Fibula

the thinner and outermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "calf bone"

Scapula

shoulder blade

Carpals

wrist bones

Metacarpals

bones of the palm

Coxal

hip bone

Femur

largest bone in the body, "thigh bone"

Tarsals

ankle bones

Metatarsals

bones of the foot

Patella

knee cap

Clavicle

collar bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

Ulna

the thinner and longer of the two bones in the forearm, "on the pinky side"

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

Zygomatic

a projection of the temporal bone, found on each side of the maxilla

Frontal

forehead bone

Temporal

two bones on each side of the head that form the lower portion of the skull

Occipital

bone that forms the back of the skull

Parietal

two bones on each side of the head that form the upper portion of the skull

Ilium

the upper, wing-shaped portion of the hip bone

Ischium

the lowest portion of the hip bone, connects to the pubic symphysis

Pubis

the middle, thinnest portion of the hip bone

Pubis Symphysis

point where the right and left coxal bones join together

Cervical Vertebrae

Behind the neck, C1-C7

Thoracic Vertebrae

Behind the thoracic cage, T1-T12

Lumbar Vertebrae

Behind the lower back, L1-L5

Atlas

1st cervical vertebra

Axis

2nd cervical vertebra

Sacrum

Formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae

Coccyx

Formed by 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae, "tail bone"

Ethmoid

located between the two eye sockets

Sphenoid

two bones of each side of the head, anterior to the temporal bones

Inferior Nasal Concha

bones on the inferior lateral sides of the nasal cavity

Lacrimal

teardrop shape bone on either side of the nasal cavity

Nasal

bones that form the bridge of the nose

Palatine

bones on the superior medial portion of the nasal cavity

Vomer

the small, thin bone separating the right and left nasal cavities

206

number of bones in the skeletal system

Axial and Appendicular

two large groups of the skeletal system

Protect and support the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs housed in the thorax

functions of the axial skeleton

Sutures

immovable joints of the skull

True Ribs

ribs attached directly to the sternum, pairs 1-7

False Ribs

ribs not attached directly to the sternum, pairs 8-12

Floating Ribs

ribs that are only connected to the vertebrae, pairs 11-12

Involved in locomotion and the manipulation of the environment

functions of the appendicular skeleton

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

the 3 bones that fuse to form the coxal bones

Articulation

a location where two bone surfaces come together

Projection

an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

Tubercle

small, rounded process or bump

Tuberosity

rough process, larger than a tubercle