Medical Assistant 14 & 15

Age Related Skin Changes

Decreased Vascularity, Elastin Fiber Degeneration, More Brittle Nails, Increased Fragility, Stiffening (DERMIS)

acute

as related to illness, short-term and requiring immediate care.

chronic

As related to illness, long-term or long lasting, managed over time

etiology

the origin, or cause, of a disease or condition.

dermatologist

physician who diagnoses and treats conditions of the integumentary system.

macule

freckle/mole

papule

wart

nodule

bigger mole

scale

a skin lesion caused by the accumulation of

extra skin cells; psoriasis

plaque

a flat skin lesion with a scaly appearance.

vesicle

sunburns, blisters

bulla

herpes

pustule

pus;pimples

wheal

hives, rashes

crust

scabs

keloid

an abnormal growth that forms over scar tissue after an injury.

excoriation

in health care, a scratch on the skin.

ulcer

a wound in the skin that extends into the dermis.

petechiae

pin-sized red spots on the skin.

purpura

a reddish-purple lesion on the skin.

ecchymosis

a large, flat, purple to bluish bruise on the skin; caused by trauma or a bleeding disorder

varicose veins

enlarged veins that cause blood to pool in the legs.

dermatitis

inflammation to skin

fungus

a type of living organism that can sometimes cause infection

example of fungus

Candida

pediculosis

lice infestation

nits

lice eggs

scabies

a skin infection caused by a mite

impetigo

a mild skin infection caused by either streptococci or staphylococci.

cellulitis

a bacterial infection affecting the skin and soft tissue.

shingles

a skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that causes pain, tingling,

itching, and a rash of blood-filled blisters.

Rosacea

a skin condition caused by the dilation of capillaries on the face; causes facial

redness and flushing

Acne vulgaris

skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands and skin

follicles; can result in pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads.

Basal cell carcinoma

the most common type of skin cancer, occurring on sun-exposed areas of the body such as the face and ears.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Less common than BCC but is more likely to spread

Malignant melanoma

The most dangerous form of skin cancer;Occurs in melanocytes

how many bones does a grown human body have?

206

True of false, bones are the rigid structures that protect internal organs

True

hematopoesis

blood-rich red marrow

how many joints allow different areas of the body to move in different ways

300

Voluntary muscle

movement is made by skeletal muscles

Involuntary muscle

movement is made by smooth muscles

memorize all

.

orthopedic specialist

a physician who diagnoses and treats bone disorders.

rheumatologist

a physician who diagnoses and treats inflammatory and debilitating

musculoskeletal disorders.

podiatrist

a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the feet.

Osteoarthritis

affects the large weight-bearing joints in a person as he ages and can cause pain and stiffness. (worse in cold/damp weather)

True of false, rheumatoid arthritis is NOT considered an autoimmune disease

False

Gout

is caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints.

Bursitis

typically affects the elbow, knee, shoulder, and hip joints due to

overuse or bacterial infection.

Tendinitis

is caused by overuse of a joint which causes pain and reduced

range of motion.

Plantar fasciitis

is caused by stress on the foot.

What vitamins can improve or cure Osteomalacia

A diet rich in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus

Osteomalacia/rickets

cause the bones to soften.

In osteoporosis…

bones lose density and become porous and brittle.

strains

an injury to the muscle

sprains

injury to joint

dislocation

an injury that occurs when a bone is pulled out of its attachment point.

fracture

broken bone

greenstick fracture

a partial fracture common in young children due to the softer structure of their bones.

Fibromyalgia

widespread body pain

Myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness

Muscular dystrophy

gradual wasting away of muscle; present at birth

ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy (wasting)

True or False, Reports of phantom sensation and phantom limb pain

are real and should not be ignored.

True

thermotherapy

the application of heat to an affected area for the relief of pain.

cryotherapy

the application of cold to an affected area for the relief of pain.

gait

how a person walks.

goniometer

an instrument used to measure the range of motion of a joint.

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of the body

hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body.

True of False, Patient shouldn’t place cane on stronger side.

False

When placing a walker next to the patient….

walker should be placed no more than six inches in front of the patient.

RICE acronym

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

AROM

Patient performs exercise without help after MA demonstrates.

AAROM

MA assists and supports the patient in doing the work.

arthrocentesis

a procedure during which fluid is removed from a joint.

arthroscopy

a procedure performed to visualize a joint.

electromyography

a procedure performed to test a muscle’s response to a nerve stimulus