Ch14-18 microbiology quiz

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means

• 12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000.

• 12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000.

• there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000.

• 12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000.

• there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000.

There were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000

Mutualism is a relationship

• where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other.

• that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other.

• where one member of the relationship may kill the other.

• where only one member derives benefit from the other.

• where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other.

that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur right prior to

• convalescence.

• incubation.

• illness.

• decline.

illness

which of the following is a sign of disease?

• fever

• nausea

• dizziness

• headache

• cramps

fever

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect of viruses?

• inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus

• toxin production

• increased cell growth

• host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia

• cell death

toxin production

A pathogen is best described as

• an organism that remains in the body for a short time.

• a microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances.

• a microorganism that remains with the person throughout life.

• any microorganism that causes disease.

• a source of microbial contamination.

any microorganism that causes disease

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

• lipid A.

• erythrogenic toxin.

• membrane-disrupting toxins.

• superantigens.

• A-B toxins.

superantigens

Patients developed inflammation a few hours following eye surgery. Instruments and solutions were sterile, and the Limulus assay was positive. The patients' inflammation was due to

• viral infection.

• exotoxin.

• endotoxin.

• bacterial infection./

• The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

endotoxin

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

• macrophages

• lymphocytes

• basophils

• eosinophils

• neutrophils

eosinophils

Margination refers to

• the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.

• the chemotactic response of phagocytes.

• adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

• dilation of blood vessels.

• the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels.

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

• trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

• remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.

• remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.

• trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract.

• propel inhaled dust and microorganisms away from the mouth, toward the lower respiratory tract.

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

• leukocytosis-promoting factor

• interferon

• complement

• histamine

• TLRs

complement

Sebum contains_____ which contributes to creating an inhospitable environment on the surface of the body.

• salts

• lysozyme

• bile

• acids

• collagens

acids

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

• extracellular viruses.

• bacterial pathogens.

• prions.

• bacterial toxins.

• eukaryotic pathogens.

eukaryotic pathogens.

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

• IgA.

• IgD.

• IgM.

• IgE.

• IgG.

IgM

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

• macrophages and eosinophils.

• neutrophils and dendritic cells.

• NK lymphocytes and neutrophils.

• B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

• macrophages and neutrophils.

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

• artificially acquired active immunity

• innate immunity

• naturally acquired active immunity

• artificially acquired passive immunity

• naturally acquired passive immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of

• the light chains only.

• the variable regions of both light and heavy chains.

• the variable regions of the heavy chains.

• portions of both of the heavy chains only.

• one heavy chain.

the variable regions of both light and heavy chains.

If the table continued on to another week of testing, what is the one outcome below that you might NOT expect to see for Patient B at Day 28?

• antibody titer leveling off

• antibody titer starting to decrease slightly

• antibody titer continuing to rise

• a drop to zero antibody titer-

a drop to zero antibody titer

What type of vaccine is the live, weakened measles virus?

• attenuated whole-agent vaccine

• nucleic acid vaccine

• toxoid vaccine

• subunit vaccine

• conjugated vaccine

attenuated whole-agent vaccine