World Cultures North America

13 Colonies Colonization — 1607

No Taxation Without Representation — Belief that colonists should not be taxed without having representatives in government

United States Founding — July 4

1776

George Washington — Leader of the Continental Army and first U.S. president

Thomas Jefferson — Author of the Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Franklin — Helped gain French support during the Revolutionary War

New Spain Colonization — Early 1500s (around 1521)

Start of Mexican Independence — 1810

Army of the Three Guarantees — Army that won Mexico’s independence

Treaty of Córdoba — Agreement that granted Mexico independence from Spain in 1821

Miguel Hidalgo — Priest who started the Mexican War of Independence

José María Morelos — Leader who continued Mexico’s independence movement

Agustín de Iturbide — Leader who secured independence and became Mexico’s first emperor

Canada Colonization — Early 1600s

France — First country to colonize Canada

French and Indian War — War that transferred control of Canada to Britain

Great Britain — Country that gained control of Canada after the French and Indian War

Canadian Independence — 1867 (Confederation)

fully independent in 1982

John A. Macdonald — First Prime Minister of Canada and key figure in Confederation

Samuel de Champlain — Founder of Quebec and leader in New France

Revolutionary War — War that gave the United States independence from Britain (1775–1783)

American Civil War — War that ended slavery and preserved the Union (1861–1865)

World War I — Global war that caused major political changes (1914–1918)

Great Depression — Worldwide economic collapse (1929–1939)

World War II — Global war where the Allies defeated the Axis powers (1939–1945)

Mexican War of Independence — War that gave Mexico independence from Spain (1810–1821)

Mexican-American War — War where the U.S. gained western land from Mexico (1846–1848)

Mexican Revolution — Conflict that overthrew Mexico’s dictatorship and created a new government (1910–1920)

War of 1812 — War between the U.S. and Britain that confirmed U.S. independence (1812–1815)

Canadian Confederation — Formation of Canada as a self-governing nation (1867)