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need to finish parasite section
What is choke?
esophageal obstruction (usually dry feed/ grain or hay that gets caught in the esophagus)
c/s of choke
nasal discharge, coughing, stretching out neck, anxious
how do you prevent choke?
wet down feed, make a slow feeder with large rocks, raise their food (keep it off the ground)
What does COPD stand for?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
whats another name for COPD?
heaves (because they get heave lines along their body from coughing so much)
What can cause issues and flare ups with COPD?
respiratory irritants such as dust/hay
What is best to do with COPD horses?
keep on pasture
How do you diagnose COPD?
trans tracheal wash, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL is better test)
What is colic?
abdominal pain
How many horses does colic affect annually?
10%
Out of all the equine dz’s which one has the largest cause of mortality?
colic
c/s of colic
abdominal distension, rolling, kicking at the abdomen, increased HR/RR
what are signs that indicate you need to take a horse for colic surgery?
increased lactate levels (means lack of Oxygen to tissues indicating dead bowel), increase in reflux ( greater than 2 liters may indicate blockage in the intestines and may have to use a nasogastric tube measured from nose to last rib), if they are blowing through pain meds very quickly (usually blows through them in 30 mins. Ex: xylazine-alpha 2 agonist, butorphanol-opiod, banamine-NSAID)
what are normal lactate levels?
less than 2mmol/L
What should you NEVER do without DVM approval to colic horses?
give pain medications! (xylazine, butorphanol, banamine)
What will mucous membranes look like in colic horses?
pale (indicates vasoconstriction from pain), brick red (shock), toxic line (sepsis)
what % of horses can have gastric ulcers?
40-93%
Why are horses so prone to ulcers?
because their stomachs are constant HCl secretors (from proximal half)
What is something we give to treat ulcers?
omeprazole
c/s of ulcers
bruxism (grinding of teeth)
What is EIPH?
exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage
c/s of EIPH
epistaxis (nose bleed)
What do racing thoroughbred owners give their thoroughbreds with ulcers?
lasix
What is cushings?
hyperadrenocorticism
what breed of horses are prone to cushings?
miniature horses ( they usually get long curly coats with cushings)
What should you check with hypothyroidism?
T3 and T4
what is something that happens with hypothyroidism?
rough coat, sparse (thin)
What is roaring?
laryngeal paralysis
What horses are prone to roaring?
racing thoroughbreds
What surgery do we do to fix roaring?
tie back
What kind of horses are prone to melanomas?
gray horses
what is a melanoma?
benign tumors that are usually around anus, tail, and lips
What can interfere with melanomas?
tack
What is the most common type of hernia?
umbilical hernia (usually genetic)
What is a hernia?
hole in abdominal wall (letting organs through)
What are the three different myopathys?
sporadic exertional rhabdomyolysis, reoccurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis,hyperkalemic perodic paralysis
when would you see SER myopathies?
in horses that experience insteanse exercise that aren’t fit
What breeds usually have SER myopathies?
thoroughbreds and AQH
what breeds usually get RER myopathies?
AQH’s and draft horses
?what nutrient is involved in RER
Calcium
?What nutrient is involved in hyperkalemic perodics paralysis?
K (potassium)
what breeds are affected with HPP myopathies?
AQH (impressive double musclced)
What is another name for reoccurent uveitis
moon blindness
c/s of reoccurent uveitis
corneal edema, lymphoma, blepharospasm
what do reoccurent uveitis lead do?
lead to developing cataracts
What is the most common equine parasites?
roundworms
What age of horses usually are infected with round worm?
less than 2 years
What do roundworms cause?
colic, they migrate to liver/lungs
What are equine parasites?
roundworms, small and large strongyles, tapeworms, pinworms, bots, cutaneous harbronemiasis
tapeworms come from what?
mites
How do you diagnose tape worms?
not on a fecal float, proglottids in feces
how do you diagnose pinworms?
tape test
What appears on horses legs when they have bots?
yellow eggs on hair on legs
Whats another name for cutaneous habronemiasis?
summer sores
c/s of summer sores
yellow debris in wound, non healing
how do you diagnose summer sores?
skin scraping reveals bots in larvae
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