Chemistry

stuffs me need to remember

Isotopes

* atoms of a given element that differ in the number of neutrons and consequently in mass.

Because masses on the table are ***weighted averages*** of all known isotopes of the element of interest

Why are masses on the periodic table usually expressed as decimal numbers?

Metal ion \~ nonmetal ion

What ions are used in Binary ionic?

At least one ion is a polyatomic ion:

* Ammonium + negative ion\[nonmetal\]
* Positive ion\[metal\] + negative polyatomic ion
* Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion

What ions are used in Ternary ionic?

Two nonmetal ions\[both negative\]

* prefixes must be used

What ions are used in Binary molecular?

Hydrogen + nonmetal ions\[negative\]

* Hydroic acid

What ions are used in Binary acid?

Hydrogen + polyatomic ion

* -ic/-ide acid

What ions are used in Ternary acid?

Zinc\[+2\], Cadmium\[+2\] & Silver\[+1\]

what transition metals don’t require Roman Numerals?

* Acetate C2H302
* **Chlorate CIO3**
* **Chlorite CIO2**
* Dihydrogen Phosphate H2PO4
* Bicarbonate /Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3
* Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4
* **Nitrate NO3**
* **Nitrite NO2**
* Perchlorate ClO4

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have **-1 charge?**

* Carbonate CO3
* **Sulfate SO4**
* **Sulfite SO3**

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have **-2 charge?**

* Phosphate PO4
* Phosphite PO3

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have **-3 charge?**

Ammonium NH4

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have **+1 charge?**

Law of Conservation of Mass

* Reactant + Reactant = Product

* The mass of all the reactants (the substances going into a reaction) must equal the mass of the products (the substances produced by the reaction).
* mass is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction.

**Boyle’s Law:**

* the volume of the gas varies **inversely** with pressure at a constant temperature
* PV

What is the relationship of volume and pressure?

**Charles’ Law:**

* the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is **directly proportional** to its Kelvin temperature
* V/T

What is the relationship of volume and temperature?

**Gay-Lussac’s Law:**

* pressure of a gas is **directly proportional** to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant
* P/T

What is the relationship of pressure and temperature?

PV/T

formula for combined gas law

PV=nRT

Formula of Ideal Gas Law

* R = 8.314 LkPa/molK


* R = 0.08206 Latm/molK

What are the values for the ideal gas constant**[R]**?

273 Kelvin

What is the **Standard Temperature?**

* 1 atm
* 760 mmHg
* 101.3 kPa
* 14.7 psi
* 760 torr

What is the **Standard Pressure?**

22\.4 L

What is the molar volume

6\.02 x 10^23 mol^(-1)

What is Avogadro’s constant

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

* P(total) = P1 + P2 + P3

\
* states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases:

**Graham’s Law:**

* Rate(a)/Rate(b) = the square root of molar mass(b)/molar mass(a)

* How do you get the ratio of effusion rates