Chemistry

stuffs me need to remember

Isotopes

Isotopes

• atoms of a given element that differ in the number of neutrons and consequently in mass.

Because masses on the table are weighted averages of all known isotopes of the element of interest

Why are masses on the periodic table usually expressed as decimal numbers?

Metal ion ~ nonmetal ion

What ions are used in Binary ionic?

At least one ion is a polyatomic ion:

• Ammonium + negative ion[nonmetal]

• Positive ion[metal] + negative polyatomic ion

• Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion

What ions are used in Ternary ionic?

Two nonmetal ions[both negative]

• prefixes must be used

What ions are used in Binary molecular?

Hydrogen + nonmetal ions\[negative\]

* Hydro<nonmetal>ic acid

What ions are used in Binary acid?

Hydrogen + polyatomic ion

* <root of polyatomic ion> -ic/-ide acid

What ions are used in Ternary acid?

Zinc[+2], Cadmium[+2] & Silver[+1]

what transition metals don’t require Roman Numerals?

• Acetate C2H302

• Chlorate CIO3

• Chlorite CIO2

• Dihydrogen Phosphate H2PO4

• Bicarbonate /Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3

• Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4

• Nitrate NO3

• Nitrite NO2

• Perchlorate ClO4

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have -1 charge?

• Carbonate CO3

• Sulfate SO4

• Sulfite SO3

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have -2 charge?

• Phosphate PO4

• Phosphite PO3

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have -3 charge?

Ammonium NH4

What are some of the common polyatomic ions that have +1 charge?

Law of Conservation of Mass

• Reactant + Reactant = Product

• The mass of all the reactants (the substances going into a reaction) must equal the mass of the products (the substances produced by the reaction).

• mass is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction.

Boyle’s Law:

• the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure at a constant temperature

• PV

What is the relationship of volume and pressure?

Charles’ Law:

• the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature

• V/T

What is the relationship of volume and temperature?

Gay-Lussac’s Law:

• pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant

• P/T

What is the relationship of pressure and temperature?

PV/T

formula for combined gas law

PV=nRT

Formula of Ideal Gas Law

• R = 8.314 LkPa/molK

• R = 0.08206 Latm/molK

What are the values for the ideal gas constant**[R]**?

273 Kelvin

What is the Standard Temperature?

• 1 atm

• 760 mmHg

• 101.3 kPa

• 14.7 psi

• 760 torr

What is the Standard Pressure?

22.4 L

What is the molar volume

6.02 x 10^23 mol^(-1)

What is Avogadro’s constant

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

• P(total) = P1 + P2 + P3

• states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases:

Graham’s Law:

• Rate(a)/Rate(b) = the square root of molar mass(b)/molar mass(a)

• How do you get the ratio of effusion rates