Civics Unit 1 Unit 1: Thinking Like a Historian Quiz Review

Primary Source

document or object that was created by an individual or group as part of their daily lives

Primary Source Examples

birth certificates, photographs, diaries, letter, embroidered samplers, clothing, household implements, newspapers

First-person Testimony

account of a person who participated in an event

First-person Testimony Examples

oral history interviews, diaries, letters, photographs and drawings of events, and court testimony of an eyewitness

Secondary Source

summaries, second-hand accounts, and analyses of events created by someone who did not witness the event, but may have read or heard about it

Secondary Sources Examples

books or articles written on a topic, artworks depicting an event, and letters or diaries recounting a version of events told to the author by another source

Second Person/Hearsay Testimony

an account repeated by someone who did not participate in the event

Hearsay Testimony Examples

newspaper accounts from interviews of observers, letters that repeat a story told to the writer, drawings based on other people's observations, or a book written about a topic

Hearsay Testimony

another word for second person

Mixed Sources

primary source document that may contain both first-person testimony and second-person testimony (Newspapers often contain a mixture of first and second-hand accounts)

Mixed Source Example

diary entry that records a person's eyewitness observations of an event (first-person testimony) but also contains additional stories told to the writer by a family member (second-hand testimony)

Rebellion

an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler: open-armed and usually unsuccessful defiance of

- could also be resistance to an established government: an instance of such defiance or resistance

Resistance

the refusal to accept or comply with something: the attempt to prevent something by action or argument

- the ability to not be affected by something, especially adversely

Civil unrest/disobedience

refusal to obey governmental demands/commands, especially as a non-violent

- it is usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government

Protest

statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something

Uprisings

most often used to describe a political revolt

- often a violent insurrection against an established rule

Stereotype

widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

- mistaken idea/belief many people have about a thing or group that is based upon how they look on the outside (could be true, untrue, or partly true)

Nkali

"to be greater than another"

Riot

a violent public disorder

- a tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by three or more people assembled and acting with a common intent

Riot of Color

random or disorderly profusion in the woods

Racial Covenants

clauses that were inserted into property deeds to prevent people who were not White from buying or occupying the land

Redlining

refusal (loan or insurance) to someone because they live in an area deemed to be a poor financial risk

"Home Rule"

transfer authority over municipal matters from state laws to a local charter that's drafted, adopted, and amended by voters

Example of "Home Rule"

Washington D.C. residents' have the ability to govern their local affairs

Civil Rights

personal rights guaranteed and protected by the U.S. Constitution and federal laws enacted by Congress (example: the Civil Rights Act of 1964)

"Arithmetic of Black Political Power"

pressured wavering Senators and got the legislation through both chambers by registering black voters in the South

Sourcing

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- Creation of the Primary Source

- Who created it? When? Why was it created? For what purpose? How trustworthy is the source?

Contextualizing

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- Situate the source in time and place

- What major events, themes, or peoples distinguish the era or period in which the source was created?

Close Reading

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- carefully consider what the document says and the language used to say it

- note interesting words or phrases, considering contextual clues about time, place, or people

- also questioning facts, opinions, and perspectives

Using background knowledge

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- using prior knowledge to read and understand the source

- What else do I know about this topic?

- What other knowledge can I apply?

Reading the silences

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- Identify what has been left out or is missing by asking questions of the source.

- What do you not hear or see? What did you expect to see and didn't? Why?

Corroborating: question

Historical Thinking Strategy:

- important details across multiple sources to determine points of agreement and disagreement

- How can you proceed with your historical investigation? What other primary sources might corroborate or refute this interpretation?

Black Nationalism

Spurred by Malcolm X and other black leaders, a call for black pride and advancement without the help of whites

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Nigerian author known for her TED Talk. "The Danger of a Single Story"

Mary Edmonson

Abolitionist who escaped slavery with her sister.

Walter Edward Washington

First elected mayor of Washington, D.C. in 1975.

Mary Church Terrell

Civil rights activist who challenged segregation laws particularly in Washington D.C.

Who was Malcolm X?

An African American revolutionary, Muslim minister, and human rights activist.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

A Civil Rights Activist who used non- violent protest with the GOAL of desegregation.

Historical perspective

considers the social, cultural, intellectual, and emotional context of a time period; it is the way of understanding a subject in the context of its past and how it has evolved over time.

Ethical issue

Situation, problem, or opportunity in which an individual must choose among several actions that must be evaluated as morally right or wrong

Change and continuity

Identifying the factors used to describe how things have changed or remained the same over time

Evidence

the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.