What is the digestive system also known as?
GI tract
What are accessory organs?
Salivary glands, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas
What is the pathway of food?
Food enters the mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
What composes the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What composes the large intestine?
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
What are bile ducts?
Passageways that carry bile (dark green to yellowish brown fluid that helps digest lipids in small intestine; produced by liver)
What’s a hepatic duct?
Carries bile from liver
What’s a cystic duct?
Carries bile to and from gallbladder
An/o
Anus
Antr/o
Antrum
Cec/o
Cecum
Col/o, colon/o
Colon (large intestine)
Duoden/o
Duodenum
Enter/o
Intestine(s) (small intestine)
Esophag/o
Esophagus
Gastr/o
Stomach
Ile/o
Ileum
Jejun/o
Jejunum
Or/o, stomat/o
Mouth
Proct/o, rect/o
Rectum
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
Abdomen, abdominal cavity
Append/o, appendic/o
Appendix
Cholangi/o
Bile duct(s)
Chol/e
Gall, bile
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
Diverticul/o
Diverticulum pl. diverticula (pouch extending from hollow organ)
Gingiv/o
Gum(s)
Gloss/o, lingu/o
Tongue
Hepat/o
Liver
Herni/o
Hernia (protrusion of an organ through membrane or cavity wall)
Palat/o
Palate
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
Polyp/o
Polyp, small growth
Pylor/o
Pylorus, pyloric sphincter
Sial/o
Saliva, salivary gland
Uvul/o
Uvula
Hemi-
Half
-pepsia
Digestion
Appendicitis
Inflammations of the appendix
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
Cholangioma
Tumor of bile duct
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder
Choledocholithiasis
Stones in common bile duct
Colitis
Inflammation of colon
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticulum
Enteritis
Inflammation of intestines
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of stomach and intestines
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gums
Glossitis
Inflammation of tongue
Hepatitis
Inflammation of liver
Palatitis
Inflammation of palate
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneum
Proctitis
Inflammation of rectum
Uvulitis
Inflammation of uvula
How does diverticulosis occur?
When small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract
When does diverticulosis become diverticulitis?
When one of more these pouches become inflamed or infected
Hepatoma
Tumor of the liver
Polyposis
Abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps
Rectocele
Hernia of the rectum
Sialolith
Stone in the salivary gland
Adhesion
Abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surface that are normally separated
Celiac disease
Malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten (damages lining of small intestine)
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting ileum and colon (cobblestone ulcerations and formation of scar tissue)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Abnormal back flow of gastrointestinal contents into esophagus; causes heartburn and breakdown of mucous barrier in esophagus
Cirrhosis
Chronic disease of liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue (caused by alcoholism and types of viral hepatitis)
Intussusception
Telescoping of a segment of the intestine
Hemorrhoids
Swollen or distended veins in the rectum or anus
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Periodic disturbances of bowel function (ex. diarrhea/constipation; has abdominal pain)
Peptic ulcer
Erosion of mucous membrane of the stomach of duodenum (caused by increased secretion of acid from stomach, bacterial infection, or medications)
Polyp
Tumorlike growth extending from outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign
Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Disease characterized by inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers (cause bloody diarrhea)
Abdominocentesis/paracentesis
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the abdominal cavity
Appendectomy
Excision of the appendix
Cholecystectomy
Excision of the gallbladder
Choledocholithotomy
Incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone
Colectomy
Excision of the colon
Colostomy
Creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through abdominal wall)
Enterorrhaphy
Suturing of intestine
Esophagogastroplasty
Surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach
Gastrectomy
Excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach)
Gastrostomy
Creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall)
Hemicolectomy
Excision of half of the colon
Herniorrhaphy
Suturing of a hernia (for repair)
Ileostomy
Creation of an artificial opening in the ileum (through the abdominal wall)
Laparotomy/celiotomy
Incision in the abdominal cavity
Polypectomy
Excision of polyp
Colonoscope
Instrument used for visual examination of the colon
Anastomosis
Connection created by surgically joining two structures such as blood vessels or bowel segments
Bariatric surgery
Surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity
Cholangio/gram
Radiographic image of bile ducts
Esophag/o/gram (or esophogram/barium swallowing)
Radiographic imaging of the esophagus and pharynx. Uses contrast medium (Ex. Barium) to study function and form of swallowing)
Capsule endoscopy/camera endoscopy
(Capsule) visual examination within a hollow organ; uses camera to take pictures of gastrointestinal tract; not easily accessed by traditional endoscopy
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of the colon
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Esophagoscopy
Visual examination of the esophagus
Gastroscope
Instrument used for visual examination of the stomach
Laparoscope
Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity