Chapter 8: Cell Energetics

Explanation for the diversity of specieies that have an that exist on earth today; survival of the fittest

Explanation for the diversity of specieies that have an that exist on earth today; survival of the fittest

Theory of Evolution

Dependent on the sun (photosynthesis); first in the food pyramid

Producers

Dependent on plants for their energy; second in the food pyramid

Herbivores

Dependent on other organisms (animals) for their energy

Carnivores

Dependent on both plants and other organisms for their energy

Omnivores

Plant plastids in which the photosynthesis occurs

Chloroplast

A kind of prokaryote in which photosynthesis occurs

Cyanobacteria (Blue Algae)

A membrane in where the photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria occurs

Thykaloid Membrane

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Cellular Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2—> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Light Dependent Reactions

Cyclic and Noncyclic Photophosphorylation; dependet

A reaction in where the water is split, oxygen and some ATP is produced, and hydrogen in transported

Cyclic and Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

Refers to those reactions that are light independent

Synthesis

Organic sugars are produced, especially, glucose

Calvin Cycle

Formed by flattened rectangular cells covered with a thin layer of cuticle

Leaf’s Upper epidermis

A site where greatest concentration of chloroplasts are contained

Palisade Mesophyll

A thick layer of irregularly shaped cells lying beneath the palisade mesophyll

Sponge Mesophyll

Areas that are found in the spongy mesophyll that fill and empty with CO2, O2, and water vapor

Air cavities

A single layer of flattened cells

Leaf’s Lower epidermis

Openings in the lower epidermis that are surrounded by a pair of guard cells which open and close the following

Stomata (sing. Stoma)

Name A:

A. Cuticle

Name B:

B. Upper Epidermis

Name C:

C. Palisade Mesophyll

Name D:

D. Xylem/Vein

Name E:

E. Sponge Mesophyll

Name F:

F. Lower Epidermis

Name G:

G. Stomata/Guard Cells

In exposure to ____, the chloroplasts in the mesophyll layers are undergoing photosynthesis and producing sugars and oxygen

sunlight

In covering the plant in darkness, this process is going to happen.

Cellular Respiration

Three phases of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and ETC (Electron Chain Transport)

Required for both Kreb’s Cycle and ETC to occur

oxygen

Can cellular respiration happens in prokaryotes?

No, it doesn’t have mitochondria

Site in where the Kreb Cycle and ETC happens

Plasma Membrane

A process in which photosynthesis could continue without light

Calvin Cycle

Gas required for photosynthesis (released in Cellular Respiration

CO2

Gas released in Photosynthesis (Required in Cellular Respiration)

O2

An organic compound in all cells producing from the metabolism of glucose (energy)

ATP