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Environmental Science
Earthquakes IV: ERT, Waves
Waves
wavelength: distance over which the wave repeats
amplitude: distance from undisturbed position to point of max displacement (crest or trough)
frequency: number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time
higher frequency waves attenuate more quickly than lower frequency waves
Seismic Waves
in an earthquake, energy is released when movement begins at the hypocenter
the energy moves outwards as seismic waves through the earth
like sound waves in a rock
body waves: travel through the (body of) earth
p-waves
s-waves
surface waves: travel near surface only
love waves
Rayleigh waves
Body Waves
travel through (body of) earth
faster than surface waves
generally not damaging to buildings
can travel across/around the earth
2 types: p and s waves
P-Waves
p = primary (or pressure)
fastest, they arrive first\
wave motion: parallel to direction of wave propagation
S-Waves
s = secondary (or shear)
slower than P-waves, but still much faster than surface waves
wave motion: perpendicular to direction of wave propagation
Surface Waves
travel near the surface only
slower than body waves
carry energy for greater distances away from the epicenter
very damaging to buildings
2 types: love an Rayleigh waves
Love Waves
first described by british mathematician A.E.H Love
much slower than body waves
move side to side, perpendicular to direction of wave propagation
Rayleigh Waves
predicted to exist by Lord Rayleigh
much slower than body waves
move backwards- rotating, elliptical motion
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Chapter 26- Bacteria and Archaea
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Chapter 28: The Aggregate Expenditures Model
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Studied by 24 people
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The Quadratic Formula
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Resolution : principles and applications of science
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