BYU - Kathryn Isaac - Hum 202 Test 2

Gin Lane

Hogarth

English Enlightenment

St. Paul's Cathedral

Wren

English Enlightenment

The Countess's Levee or morning party from marriage a la mode

Hogarth

English Enlightenment

Salon de la Princesse

Boffrand

Rococo

Kaisersaal

Newmann

Rococo

Madame de Pompadour

Boucher

Rococo

The Toilet of Venus

Boucher

Rococo

The Swing

Fragonard

Rococo

Love Letters

Fragonard

Rococo

Return From Cythera

Watteau

Rococo

La Madeleine

Vignon

Neoclassical

Virginia State Capital

Jefferson

Neoclassical

Monticello

Jefferson

Neoclassical

Oath of the Horatii

David

Neoclassical

Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard

David

Neoclassical

Napoleon on His Imperial Throne

Ingres

Neoclassical

Paolina Borghese as Venus

Canova

Neoclassical

Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker

Canova

Neoclassical

The Cross in the Mountains

Friedrich

Romanticism

Monk by the Sea

Friedrich

Romanticism

The Wanderer Above the Mists

Friedrich

Romanticism

The Hay Wain

Constable

Romanticism

Upper falls of the Reichenbach

Turner

Romanticism

Snow Storm

Turner

Romanticism

The Oxbow

Cole

Romanticism

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

Goya

Romanticism

The Third of May, 1808

Goya

Romanticism

Saturn Devouring one of his Children

Goya

Romanticism

The Raft of the Medusa

Gericault

Romanticism

Scenes from the massacres at Chios

Delacroix

Romanticism

Liberty Leading the People

Delacroix

Romanticism

Houses of Parliament

Barry and Pugin

Romanticism

The Vow of Louis XIII

Ingres

Neoclassical

Paris Opera House

Garnier

Romanticism

Rue Transnonian

Daumier

Realism

Third Class Carriage

Daumier

Realism

The Stonebreakers

Courbet

Realism

Sir Isaac Newton

- All things follow principles

- Facts and calculations are available for everything

Jonn Locke

- Tabula Rasa

- Good government = good society

- Good society = good person

- Government goes bad = REVOLT

- Sees potential for good

Thomas Hobbes

- We are all governed by fear of death and desire for power

- Government needs to regulate those desires

- Social contract, people give up rights for protection and ruling

- Pessimistic

William and Mary

- Joint regents of England

- Sign Bill of Rights

Johnathan Swift

- Satirical writer

- Wrote "A modest proposal" that gives suggestions for fighting the hunger famine by raising children for food

- He wanted to shock society into some sense

William Hogarth

- Paints about the ills of society

- Creates works of art for newspapers, his series in "Marriage a la mode" (a fashionable marriage) talks about the hypocrisy of wealth and how it corrupts. He shows infidelity, bargaining, an STD from a prostitute, and a scandal with the murder of the wife's lover.

Louis XV

Great-grandson of Lois XIV

- Moves court back to Paris

- Had two lovers

- Madame Pompadour: a political ally, had high persuasion in government

- Madame du Barry: introduced through Madame Pompadour, his second mistress

- UNAPOLOGETICALLY INDULGENT

- He brings in Rococo

Rococo

- A style that only appeals to the aristocracy

- Curvy lines, so much gold, ridiculous

- Pastels and frilly paintings

The Philosophes

- A group of philosophers that are pretty much anti-monarchy that are often invited to aristocratic parties and salons

- The woman of the aristocracy see their reason

Voltaire

- Wrote Candide

- A philosophe

Mary Wollstonecraft

- Advocator for better women's education

- Be your own person first, gain respect. Then worry about other things

- Her daughter Mary Shelly wrote Frankenstein!

- A renegade woman

Neoclassical Art and Architecture

- Centered in France

- "A great and steadfast soul"

- Revolutions in America and France

- Influenced by Pompeii excavations

- Anti-rococo sentiment

Embolden the revolution

Jaques Louis David

Painter of scenes that would inspire the revolutionaries

- The duty to your country over your family

- Loss will happen. This noble cause may hurt those closest to you

- Sketched Marie Antoinette on the way to the Guillotine during the Reign of Terror

Ingres

A painter who paints a lot of the monarchs

- Napoleon on his imperial throne

Canova

Sculpter

- Commissions Napoleon as Mars the peacemaker, and his sister Paulina Borghese as Venus

- Duke of Wellington gets the statue of Napoleon after beating him

Greenough

Creates a statue of George Washington as a Roman god, half naked

- His statue is laughed at and moved many times

Classical music

(There's no record of Roman or Greek music, so there's no "neo")

- They make the music like the paintings. Firm, solid, dignified

- Opposite of Rococo, which was frilly and ornamented

Greek philosophy about music: It affects the character of the individual and society. It needs aesthetic values of balance, harmony and order

- Clarity and simplicity of rhythm and melody

- Music as a catharsis

How to be classical

Emphasize clarity and structure

Continue to develop compositional forms

Reject polyphony

Johann Stamitz

The symphonic orchestra, conductor

* each player now has their own score

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

- Goes to various cities to find employment, his mother dies during this search

- Secures an alright position with an emperor who already had composers

- He can write ANYTHING. and he does, > 600 full compositions

Sonata Form

1. Exposition: you're introducing what you need to know. (Theme 1, bridge, theme 2, cadence)

2. Development: develop what you've just introduced (Theme 1 and/or theme 2)

3. Recapitulation: The wrap up (Theme 1, bridge, theme 2, coda)

Opera

You have a more common audience now, so you get a more lighthearted comic opera. Mozart combines this comedic theme with the more serious tone. It's moving towards a whole new style

Don Giovani (info)

Mozart's opera, about a womanizer

Seen as a scandalous topic

Romanticism

A brilliant age.

- Individualism

- Emotion > Intellect ... "I feel, therefore I am"

- Fantasy, exotic, morbid

- Mystical attachment to nature

- Nationalism -> more like ethnic pride

- not love, it's "mantic" (remember, emotion over intellect)

Caspar David Friedrich

A serious painter with connection to the divine through nature

- His paintings evoke the sense of foreboding

(The cross in the mountains)

- He is alone

- sun is setting or rising

- three sun rays

- all trees are evergreen, eternal life

(Wanderer above the sea of fog)

- You don't see the face to that you can place yourself there

John Constable

He was raised in rural area

- He has enough money without selling art; this allows him to paint whatever he wants on a huge canvas

- Feels a need for connection to land

- His paintings show his neighbors, how someone works the land, how we adjust to the land, and how people are dwarfed by the magnificence of the landscape

JMW Turner

- He's kind of a different guy... so are his paintings!

- Massive landscapes w/ really small people (even more so than Constable)

- Sense of peril, or almost peril

"Nervous mom" landscapes

- Immense power of nature

- Chaos in his nature, you see more brushstrokes than object at times

Thomas Cole

An American painter

- The American landscapes are incredibly different than England's

- "The Oxbow" gives an impression of what is tame vs. wild

- Artist lives on the border of the wild

William Wordsworth

Revolutionary as a young man

- writes poems because he sees people losing their connection to the land

- He's afraid of what will happen if they all leave nature (they'll lose their connection with God)

- "Lines written in early spring" follows the Greater Romantic Lyric

Greater Romantic Lyric

- Eden: childhood innocence, the impact of nature is a lot bigger

- Fall: (inevitable) Adulthood experience, cynicism, jaded, suspicious, prejudice

- Redemption: (A choice. Comes through nature) "Philosophic mind", empathy, sympathy, knowledge, perspective, faith (a conscious choice), strength

* Once you reach redemption, you don't go back to Eden. You move on to bigger and better things

Francisco Goya

(He's in Spain)

- Very honest in the darkness

- When Napoleon installs his brother as ruler, there is complete paranoia

- He paints the family of Charles IV, but it's a pretty unflattering depiction

. Maybe the girl turned away is the proposed wife of the heir?

. Maybe the daughter was away at the time.

. Goya is in the background, reminiscent of Velasquez

- He also paints the "Third of May, 1808"

. Execution of instigators of the uprising

. The man in the middle is making an active statement

Ludwig van Beethoven

- Father tries to market him as the new Mozart

- He's not very charming, more brooding and serious

- Starts freelancing, which was pretty unique (not just a court composer, independent work. first indication that he WON'T follow the mold set previously)

- Known principley as a pianist in the beginning

. Very well suited to this new style with the piano

. You can't play Beethoven's music on the harpsichord

- Beethoven demanded respect for the music through a quiet audience. He often yelled at them for talking during a performance

- He doesn't see the importance of the aristocracy

- First indication of deafness: he can't hear the birds singing

- He can feel the vibrations and through those knows the music

Symphony #9 Ode to Joy is based on a poem written by Schiller

* Beethoven leads us to Romanticism in music!!

Romanticism in Music

- Emotion

- Program music, leads you to what you should think of

- Wide ranging dynamics and tempos

- Departs from strict classical forms

- Extremes in ensembles and venues (to contrast the loud and soft) for emotion

- Viruosity (showcase incredible performers)

Herctor Berlioz

CRAZY.

- Jumps out of the window of his medical school to become a composer

- Untrained in musical theory, doesn't play most instruments

- Breaks all types of rules

(Women shape his music)

1. Camille Moke - Dumps him while he's in Rome. He returns with nefarious plans but is apprehended. (Dressed as a woman, with all sorts of poisons and knifes)

2. Harriet Smithson - he composes Symphony Fantastic about her. He falls in love when he watches her play in Ophelia.

They lead to the Symphony fantastic (fantasy)

- Idee fixe, the melody represents his "beloved"

(The 5th movement he is in hell with his beloved taunting him)

- uses the dies irae, music accompanied with wrath and judgement in Catholic mass

- Marries Harriet, they divorce. But he still cares for her mother in her sickness.

Franz Schubert

Created the lied

- Gretchen am Spinrade

. A song about Foust where he deals w/ a demi-devil for endless youth and knowledge in exchange for never settling. He meet and falls in love with Gretchen, but has so move on. She is distraught, and carrying his child. She's sitting at the spinning wheel singing

Lied ("l-ee-d")

Song, in German

- Schubert created the refined, legitimate song (also known as the Lied)

Frederic Chopin ("Show-pan")

- Polish, leaves to Paris but still shows nationalism

- Celebrated in the salons, meets George Sand and falls in love

- Writes the delicate and dramatic

- Nocturne (only rule is that is evokes the image of night)

George Sand

Woman that Chopin falls in love with

- Wears men's clothes and writes like no tomorrow

- Poet and a writer, through her we know about Chopin's composing style (which wasn't healthy)

Franz Liszt

- Practices ~ 6-8 hours a day

. 3 of those hours are exercises

- Must read Shakespeare and the bible to really interpret the soul

- He loved ENORMOUS stages

- Was a piano rockstar, and had groupies and affairs

- He turned to religion

*Transcendental Etude

Nationalism and the politics of Opera

Romantic era operas bring everyone into the seats

Paris opera hosue

Belcanto

"Beautiful voice"

- Style used in opera meant to just display the incredible talent of the voice

Giuseppe Verdi

- He was turned away from a conservatory, but still tries to compose

- A friend has him compose music for his script, and it's wonderful

- Italy wants their own king, Verdi's name becomes a political movement (they want to escape Holsberg rule)

. He doesn't mind the rallying cry

- La Travista: a man wants to confess his true undying love for a court mistress

. his declaration: oh how I love you so

. her response: get something more original. I wish.

Richard Wagner

- Intense.

- Great artist, reprehensible person.

- "The world owes me what I need" ... entitled to no end

- Traditional separation between arias and recitatives is GONE

- Vocal style does NOT emphasize viruosity, bel canto qualities

- New greater emphasis on orchestra's role

- The Leitmotiv

(think la la land)

- Tristan and Isolde: Love to death leitmotiv

Leitmotiv

Melodies representing all kinds of things

Charles Dickens

Writes with a SOCIAL purpose in mind

- Reminder of being governed by Christian values

Gericault

- Raft of the Medusa: he paints this to shame the captain who abandons the lower class

- he paints people with mental maladies

Delacroix

Massacre at Chios

Liberty leading the people

- Revolt against Charles X, replaced with Philippe

Tristan and Isolde

Wagner

Romanticism

Transcendental Etude

Liszt

Romanticism

La Traviata

Verdi

Romanticism

Nocturne

Chopin

Romanticism

Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel

Schubert

Romanticism

Symphony Fantastique Witches Sabbath

Berlioz

Romanticism

Symphony No. 9 Ode to Joy

Beethoven

Romanticism

Symphony 40

Mozart

Classical

Pathetique

Beethoven

Romanticism

Don Giovani

Mozart

Classical