Geography Flashcard - Sem 2

Failure if you don't pass - Asian Achieve level 10.5 for continuum

BOLTSS

Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, Source

SPICESS

Space, Place, Interconnection, Change, Environment, Sustainability, Scale.

Space in SPICESS - Different Location

Absolute Location (V.Longitude and H.Latitude)

Approximate Location (description)

Relative Location (More Specific than App., less than Abs.)

SHEEPT

Social, Historical, Economical, Environmental, Political, Technological

Wellbeing

The ability of human beings to access neccessities to live happily/healthy.

GDP Per Capita

Gross Domestic Product Per Capita, Economic product values per year.

Gross - total before tax/depreciation

Domestic - within the country

Product - refer to tangible goods/services.

PIE (Measures of GDP)

Product, Income, Expenditure

Literacy Rates

Number of people in population which can read/write.

World Happiness Report

Reviews the state of happiness in the world today and shows how the science of happiness explains personal and national variations in happiness.

UNHDI

United Natiosn Human Development Index - Averate aspects of human development e.g. Literacy rates, etc.

Big Mac Index

Examines if the values for exchangement of currencies are under/overrated.

Chlorapleth Maps

Quick impression of spacial pattern by dark/light (most'/least) shades, similar colours.

Happy Planet Index

How well a country maintains happy/stable lives; is measured in Life Expectancy, Experienced well-being and Ecological footprint (green best and red worst.)

PQE

Pattern, Quantification, Exception.

Phycology Triangle

Self - Actualization

Self - Esteem

Love/Belonging

Safety/Security

Physiological Needs

PHRASEEMS

Political, Historical, Religions, Artistic, Social, Environmental, Economic, Moral, Scentific.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Measures the price change of a typical basket of goods/services produced by Australian households each quarter (3 months).

Inflation

The average rate of rising prices. Increase of general level of prices paid for goods and services over a certain period of time.

Inflation Rate

The change of prices from one quarter to another.

Reasons for Inflation

1. Consumer’s confidence about future;

2. Buisnesses’ confidence about future;

3. Low interest rates, encouraging both consumers and buisnesses to borrow more;

4. Higher taxes/interest rates.

Management of Inflation

1. Central banks raise interest rates to restrain inflation;

2. Consequently making wages and stocks go down;

3. Commercial bank’s interest rates will be increased as they are competitive with each other;

4. Impact on mortgage holders;

5. More paybacks to banks as the interest is higher;

6. Consequently, people are low in cash;

7. Therefore low spending on goods/services;

8. The sellers want to attract buyers, and prices will be lowered;

9. Inflation is consequently controlled (target: 20% inflation).

Gaining a buisness advantage

• Offering consumers a lower price;

• Advertising the product;

• Offering consumers better quality or perceived quality;

• Responding to consumer needs.

Unemployment Rate

The percentage of people in the labour force who are unemployed.

Causes of Unemployment

Shifts in GDP; International Competition; Technology; Global Events.

Coast

The part of the land adjoining or near the sea. 

Lithosphere

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. 

Atmosphere

The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. 

Biosphere 

The regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth or another planet occupied by living organisms. 

Hydrosphere

Total amount of water on a planet. 

Ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. 

Renourishment 

To nourish again or anew.  

Ebb Tide 

The period between high tide and low tide during which water flows away from the shore.

Flood Tide 

The tide when it has risen from low to high water. 

Spring Tide 

A tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water. 

Neap Tide 

Tide of minimal range occurring near the time when the Moon and the Sun are in quadrature. 

Weathering 

The process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere. 

Erosion

The geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. 

Deposition

The state or process of rotting; decay. 

Wavelength

The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave. 

Amplitude

Measured as the distance between the peak or trough of the wave; a measurement of the amount of energy transferred by a wave.

Fetch

The distance travelled by wind or waves across open water. 

Swash

The rush of seawater up the beach after the breaking of a wave. 

Backswash

The motion of receding waves. 

Constructive waves 

Waves with low energy and have stronger swashes than backwashes. 

Destructive Waves 

Waves that have stronger backwashes than swashes. Strong energy.

Groyne

Catching and trapping part of the sediment moving (mainly in a longshore direction) in the surf zone.  

Longshore Drift

The sediment moved by the wave current at a certain angle.

Riverine Flood 

Rivers overflow, inundating land due to heavy rain or snowmelt. Occurs 6+ hours after heavy rainfall. 

Flash Flood 

Sudden, intense rain or snowmelt causes rapid, severe flooding. 

Major Flood 

Severe and widespread, cause extensive damage and displacement. 

Global Warming

The increase in the planet's overall average temperature in recent decades.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns

Resource Curse

A paradoxical situation in which a country underperforms economically, despite being home to valuable natural resources.

Thinking Laterally

An innovative method of problem solving in which you look for an out-of-the-box solution. Instead of evaluating the problem in a linear way, you come at it with unique angles to make the less-obvious solution.

Innovation in Buisness

1. Change the product;

2. Add accessories;

3. Add complementary products;

4. Enhance the sale channels.