Anatomy Muscle Test

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Epicranius

Epicranius

Origin: Occipital Bone

Insertion: Skin + Muscles around Eye

Action: Raising Your Eyebrows

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic Arch

Insertion: Mandible

Action: Closing of Mouth (Elevation of Mandible)

Buccinator

Origin: Maxilla/Mandible

Insertion: Orbicularis Oris

Action: Pull corners of mouth (Smile)

Orbicularis Oris

Origin: Maxilla/Mandible

Insertion: Upper and lower lips

Action: Close and protract lips

Orbicularis oculi

Origin: Frontal Bone

Insertion: Skin around eyelid

Action: Closes eyelids

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal Bone

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Action: Elevate and retract mandible

Sternocleomastoid

Origin: Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid Process

Action: Rotation and Flexion of the neck

Zygomaticus Major

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Orbicularis Oris

Action: Elevates corner of mouth

Zygomaticus Minor

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Upper lip

Action: Draws lip backwards, upwards and outwards

Platsyma

Origin: Lower lip

Insertion: Facsia of clavicle, Upper pecs, deltoid muscles

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of vertebra

Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Action: Elevation and stabilization of scapula

Rhomboid Major

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebra

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Holds scapula to ribcage

Rhomboid Minor

Origin: ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Retracts scapula

Levator Scapulae

Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Upper medial scapula

Action: Elevation and downward rotation of scapula

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Lateral aspects of the 1st to 8th or 9th ribs

Insertion: Anterior medial border of scapula

Action: Lifts the ribs, assisting with respiration

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs near the costal cartilages

Insertion: Medial border and coracoid process of the scapula

Actions: Internal and downward rotation of scapula

Teres Major

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: Pulls humerus towards trunk (medially)

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum and upper ribs

Insertions: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Action: Foward flexion/extension of shoulder, Arm adduction,

Deltoid

Origin: Spine of scapula, Acromion process, clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Action: Extension and Forward flexion of shoulder, Rotate humerus, Abduction

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular Fossa of Scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Internal rotation and adduction of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spinous Process, Ribs, Scapula, Illiac crest

Insertion: Between pec major and teres major

Action: Arm internal rotation, adduction, extension

Teres Minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: external rotation and adduction of arm

Biceps Brachii

Long head Origin: Supraglenoid Tubercle of the scapula

Short Head Origin: Coracoid of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm

Action: Flexion of arm at elbow

Brachioradialis

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior distal humerus

Insertion: Tuberosity of ulna

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow

Triceps Brachii

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Posterior olecranon process

Action: Extension of arm at elbow

Flexors

Origin: Lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Carpals

Actions: Flexion, Abduction, adduction of the forearm and wrist

Extensors

Origin: Posterior side of forearm

Insertion: Distal end of forearm

Action: Extension of forearm

Biceps Femoris

Origin: Ichial tuberosity and linea aspera

Insertion: Lateral head of fibula

Action: Flexion of legs at knee

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ichial tuberosity and linea aspera

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Action: Flexion of leg at knee

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior Superior Illiac Spine

Insertion: Medial part of tibia

Action: Flexion, Abduction and rotation of leg at hip

Rectus Femoris

Origin: Anterior inferior illiac spine

Insertion: Patella

Action: Extension at the knee

Vastus Medialis

Origin: Upper femoral shaft

Insertion: Upper patella

Action: Extension of leg at knee

Vastus Lateralis

Origin: Greater Trochanter

Insertion: Patella

Action: Extension of leg at knee

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Illium and Sacrum

Insertion: Femur

Action: Extension and rotation of the hip

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: Lateral illium

Insertion: Greater Trochanter

Action: Pull pelvis to weight bearing side

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Between illiac crest and posterior gluteal line

Insertion: Lateral greater trochanter

Action: Abduction and rotation of hip

Adductor Magnus

Origin: Pubic Ramus

Insertion: Medial Gluteal Tuberosity

Action: Adduction and rotation of the hip

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE

Origin: Anterior Superior illiac spine

Insertion: illotibial tract

Action: Knee stabilization

Gracilus

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: medial tibia

Action: Knee flexion, thigh abduction, rotation at hip

TIbialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion: Medial cuniform and 1st metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion

Extensor Digitorum Longus:

Origin: Anterior fibula

Insertion: Middle Distal Phalanges of foot

Action: Extension of toes and dorsiflexion

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Posterior tibia

Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges

Action: Curling of toes

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity

Action: Plantarflexion and flexion of leg at knee

Soleus

Origin: Tibia

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity

Action: Plantarflexion

Tibialis posterior

Origin: Upper tibial and fibular shafts

Insertion: Navicular, medial cuneiform, metatarsals

Action: Plantarflexion, inversion