To what extent have socialists agreed about the means of achieving socialism?

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20 Terms

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three agreements

1. society must move away from capitalism
2. capitalism is damaging
3. the state is necessary for change
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three disagreements

1. method of change
2. extent of reform
3. structure of state
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P1 - why must capitalism be reduced?
capitalism creates inequality

capitalism creates class division which prevents cooperation

capitalism gives a financial reward, socialism gives a moral reward - more satisfying, prevents greed

socialism develops positive traits, competition leads to selfishness, agression
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P1 - reduced capitalism - thinker
Kropokin - the human race thrives on ‘mutual aid’
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P2 - Marxist method of change?
capitalism must be immediately removed through a ‘class conscious revolution of the proletariat’

proletariat are not enfranchised so must revolt
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P2 - Marxist method of change - thinker
Marx/Engels - capitalism is ‘naturally exploitative and toxic’
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P2 - SD method of change?
democratic gradualism developed when there was universal franchise

human’s flexible nature is damaged by the violence of revolution
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P2 - SD method of change - thinker
Webb - gradualism is ‘inevitable’
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P3 - why is capitalism damaging?
human nature is ‘plastic’ - moulded by its surroundings

competition has a negative effect, cooperation/community has a positive effect

capitalism must be at minimum reformed to enhance human nature - creation of common good
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P3 - capitalism is damaging - thinker
Giddens - capitalism is ‘corrosive’

Marx/Engels - capitalism instills a ‘false consciousness’
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P4 - Marxist view on extent of reform?
abolition of capitalism as it completely prohibits socialism

private property is unjust

socialism cannot take place with class divide, lack of community
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P4 - Marxist view on extent of reform - thinker
Marx/Engels - capitalism is a ‘system of naked oppression’

Lenin - removal of private property following the Russian Revolution
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P4 - SD view on extent of reform?
capitalism should be ‘harnessed’ to reliably generate the wealth needed to fund socialism

morally ineffective at distributing wealth so state should redistribute through taxation and welfare

support for Keynesian economics

some may justify inequality as not all roles in society are perfectly equal
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P4 - SD view on extent of reform - thinker
Crosland - there is a ‘definite limit’ to equality
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P5 - why is the state necessary?
support for collectivisation to redistribute wealth and prevent inequality so a support for nationalisation

in Marxism the state is controlled by the Vanguard and all private property has been abolished so state must control all industries
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P5 - necessity of the state - thinker
Beverige Report - the state should ‘guarantee a national minimum of civilised life’

Attlee - creation of NHS, nationalisation of railway companies
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P6 - Marxist view of structure of state?
democracy within the Vanguard but not in society as a whole as class consciousness has not been achieved

prevents further exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie
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P6 - Marxist view of structure of state - thinker
Marx/Engels - ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’
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P6 - SD view of structure of state?
state is under the control of a democratically elected socialist political party - e.g. the UK Labour Party

developed when there was a universal franchise so all workers could express their want for change through elections which is then reflected by parties
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P6 - SD view of structure of state - thinkers
Crosland believed capitalism should not be abolished

Labour Party manifesto changed from a ‘commitment to nationalisation’ to ‘dynamic market economy’