Chemistry Unit 1 Properties and States of Matter

Properties and States of Matter

Anything that has MASS and VOLUME

What is Matter?

the amount of MATTER in an object

What is Mass?

How much space something takes up

What is Volume?

A characteristic of a substance that can be measured without changing the chemical composition.

What is a physical property?

The potential for a sample of matter to undergo a reaction/chemical change.

What is a chemical property?

Density, Volume, Solubility

Name 3 examples of physical properties

Combustibility, Flammability, Chemical Stability

Name 3 examples of chemical properties

A change that only affects the form of a substance.

What is a physical change?

Changes to a substance that rearrange it’s atoms to form new substances with new properties.

What is a chemical change?

Carbon Dioxide and Water

What are the products of combustion?

Explains that states of matter are based on the amount of kinetic energy in the particles of a substance.

What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory explain?

An ionized gas with so much energy that electrons are knocked off from atoms

What is Plasma?

A substance that flows/deforms under pressure

What is a fluid?

Gas = gaseous matter at room temperature, Vapor = gaseous state of a substance that is liquid/solid at room temperature

What is the difference between Gas and Vapor?

The amount of kinetic energy needs to increase to overcome inter-particle attraction

What has to happen to Inter-particle attractions in order for the state of matter to change?

The average kinetic energy of molecules in matter

What does temperature measure?

The lowest possible temperature where particles have no kinetic energy.

What is Absolute 0?

Only to the surface particles of a substance.

Where does evaporation occur?

Throughout ALL particles of a substance.

Where does boiling occur?

The less air pressure there is, the lower the boiling point

What is the relationship between boiling temperature and air pressure?

0, 273

What is the freezing/melting point in Celsius and Kelvin?

100, 373

What is the boiling/condensation point in Celsius and Kelvin?

The temperature where a liquid becomes a gas and its temperature no longer changes.

What is the boiling point?

Freezing point, boiling point

What are the two points that you need to make a Heating Curve?

Energy is being added to increase the kinetic energy of particles, which increases the temperature

What does an incline mean on a Heating Curve?

The transition between states of matter where the temperature is constant

What does a plateau mean on a Heating Curve?

The point where all three states of matter of a substance coexist

What is the triple point on a Phase Diagram?

Above this temperature is where a substance can no longer be a liquid

What is the critical point on a Phase Diagram?

different forms of the same element in the same state

What is an Allotrope?

It must have no volume, no interparticle attraction, and random movement

What are the three properties of an Ideal Gas?

Predict the behavior of gases

What do ideal gases help us do?

Thermometer

What tool is used to measure Temperature?

Graduated Cylinder

What tool is used to measure Volume?

Barometer

What tool is used to measure air pressure?

cm³= mL, dm³= L

What are units of Volume from smallest to largest?

1000

How many cm³ is in one dm³?

pascals, kilopascals

What are units of Pressure from smallest to largest?

1000

How many Pa in 1kPa?

The original unit given in the equation

What value do you put in the denominator when converting units?

The amount of force per area on a surface

What is pressure?

The collision of air particles on a surface

What is pressure caused by?

101.3, 101300

What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level in kPa and Pa

At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas has an inverse relationship with pressure

What does Boyle’s Law state?

At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas has a proportional relationship with temperature

What does Gay-Lussac’s law state?

At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas has a proportional relationship with temperature

What does Charles’ law state?

Balance

What is used to measure mass?

grams, kilograms

What units are used to measure mass from smallest to largest?

When a solid turns into a gas

What is sublimation?

When a gas turns into a solid

What is deposition?

Joules

What unit is used to represent the amount of heat added on a Heating Curve?