Bio Lab Exam

What is the dominant stage in fungi reproduction?

Haploid stage

What is delayed in fungal reproduction?

Karyogamy

What are hyphae?

Cytoplasmic filaments of fungi

What is a mycelium?

A mass of hyphae, usually underground, serves as the feeding structure

What defines Zygomycota?

Aseptate hyphae; forms zygosporangium (heterokaryotic)

What defines Ascomycota?

Septate hyphae; conidiophores for asexual, ascocarps for sexual reproduction

What are lichens composed of?

Ascomycota + Cyanobacteria + Yeast

What defines Basidiomycota?

Septate hyphae; basidia produce haploid basidiospores

What are the three types of body symmetry?

Bilateral, Radial, Asymmetric

What are the germ layers in animals?

No true tissues, Diploblastic, Triploblastic

Name the three body cavity types.

Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Coelomate

What is the purpose of the coelom?

Cushions organs, allows organ growth/movement

What type of symmetry do sponges have?

Asymmetry

Do Porifera have true tissues?

No

What are sponges made of?

Spongin and Spicules (silica or calcium carbonate)

What are choanocytes?

Flagellated cells used for filter feeding

What type of symmetry and germ layers do Cnidarians have?

Radial symmetry, Diploblastic

What are cnidocytes?

Stinging cells

What is the dominant life stage of Hydrozoa?

Polyp

What is the dominant life stage of Scyphozoa?

Medusa

What is the difference in cell fate?

Protostomes: determinate; Deuterostomes: indeterminate

How does the coelom form in protostomes vs. deuterostomes?

Protostomes: from mesodermal splitting; Deuterostomes: from gut budding

What does the blastopore become?

Protostomes: mouth; Deuterostomes: anus

Give examples of Arthropoda.

Centipede, Millipede, Grasshopper, Crawfish, Horseshoe crab

Give examples of Mollusca.

Clam, Snail, Chiton, Squid

What are examples of Annelida?

Earthworm, Leeches

What are the 5 chordate characteristics?

Notochord, Dorsal nerve cord, Pharyngeal slits, Post-anal tail, Endostyle

What are the jawless fish?

Lampreys and Hagfish

Which class includes ray-finned fish?

Actinopterygii

What is bradycardia?

Lower than normal heart rate

What structures are used for gas exchange?

Spiracles, Skin, Gills, Lungs

What is the function of kidneys?

Filtration and reabsorption

What waste molecule do reptiles excrete?

Uric acid