Health Promotion Theory, Health Literacy, and Social Determinants of Health (Lecture Notes)

A set of Q&A flashcards covering the major concepts from the lecture notes on health promotion theories, stages of change, Maslow, health literacy, SDOH, and prevention.

Name the three theoretical frameworks highlighted in the lecture.

Pender's Health Promotion Model; Social Learning Theory (motivation/readiness to learn); Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

How does Pender's Health Promotion Model define health?

A dynamic, multidimensional state of optimal health and well-being in the absence of disease, influenced by environment and personal characteristics.

What are the main components that influence behavior in Pender's model?

Individual characteristics and experiences; behavior-specific cognitions and affect (e.g., self-efficacy); interpersonal influences; situational influences; and behavioral outcomes.

What does 'perceived self-efficacy' mean in health behavior?

The belief in one's own ability to perform the health-promoting behavior.

What are the stages of change described in the lecture?

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation (Determination), Action, Maintenance, Relapse/Recycle.

What characterizes the 'Action' stage in the stages of change?

Active implementation of the change plan; success reinforces the decision to change.

Name Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top.

Physiological needs; Safety and security; Love/belonging; Esteem; Self-actualization.

Which factors negatively affect health communication according to the notes?

Pain, fear, anxiety; low health literacy; language barriers; sensory impairments; environmental factors (noise, odors).

Define health literacy.

The capacity to obtain, process, understand basic health information, and make appropriate health decisions.

What proportion of U.S. adults have limited health literacy?

More than a quarter.

What proportion of adults have difficulty using everyday health information?

Nine out of ten adults.

List the five domains of social determinants of health (SDOH).

Economic stability; Education; Health care access and quality; Neighborhood and built environment; Social and community context.

What is the goal of Healthy People 2030 with regard to health disparities and health literacy?

Eliminate health disparities and improve health and health literacy for everyone.

Provide examples of primary prevention activities.

Weight loss, diet and exercise, smoking cessation, safe sex practices, immunizations, seat belts, helmet use.

Provide examples of secondary prevention activities.

Screening and early detection (e.g., Pap smears, mammograms, colonoscopy, BP and cholesterol checks).

Provide examples of tertiary prevention.

Interventions after illness to restore health and quality of life (e.g., rehabilitation, chronic disease management).

Explain the difference between health disparities and health equity.

Health disparities are differences due to social/economic/environmental disadvantages; health equity means attaining the highest possible health for everyone.

How does health literacy affect navigating health care systems?

Ability to understand information, use patient portals (e.g., MyChart), schedule appointments, and follow instructions.

What is the acronym 'SDOH' and why is it important?

Social Determinants of Health; they influence health outcomes and health equity through factors like economic stability, education, and environment.

What is the difference between health promotion and disease prevention?

Health promotion aims to enhance health and well-being; disease prevention aims to avoid or detect disease early.