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Political socialization
The process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.
Scientific poll
A method of surveying public opinion using statistical techniques to ensure accuracy.
Random sample
a population that is selected in a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen.
Public policy
The principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based.
Liberalism
emphasizes individual rights, equality, and government intervention in the economy.
Conservatism
traditional institutions and practices, advocating for limited government intervention in the economy.
Libertarianism
emphasizes individual liberty and seeks to minimize the role of the state.
Free enterprise
An economic system where private businesses operate competitively for profit with minimal government intervention.
Keynesian economics
increased government expenditures and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the economy out of recession.
Supply-side economics
suggests that lower taxes and decreased regulation will stimulate economic growth.
General election
Elections held to select officeholders in the United States; typically held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Primary election
Elections held to determine a party's candidate for the general election, often involving voters in the party.
Midterm election
Elections held halfway through a president's term, typically for congressional seats.
Winner-take-all system
An electoral system in which the candidate who receives the most votes wins all the delegates or electoral votes.
Incumbency advantage phenomenon
current officeholders to win re-election at a higher rate than challengers.
Electoral College
A body of electors established by the Constitution that formally elects the President and Vice President of the United States.
Iron triangle
congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that work together to shape policy.
Right-to-work laws
Laws that make it illegal for union security agreements to exist, allowing employees to work without joining a union.
Political action committees
Organizations that raise money privately to influence elections or legislation, particularly at the federal level.
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