Biology Exam

Carbs basic structure

CHO

Proteins basic structure

CHON

Lipids basic structure

CHO

Nucleic acids basic structure

CHONP

Packages molecules for shipping throughout the cell

Golgi apparatus

Contains digestive enzymes

Lysosomes

Known as the "storage sac" of the cell

Vacuole

Involved in lipid production and transport within the cell

Smooth ER

Site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Stores DNA and acts as a control center for the cell

Nucleus

Provides energy for the cell and carries out cellular respiration

Mitochondria

Regulates what enters/exits through the cell

Cell membrane

Provides shape and structure in a PLANT cell

Cell wall

Provides shape and structure in an ANIMAL cell

Cytoskeleton

Provides for transport and a location for ribosomes

Rough ER

Polar, Hydrophyllic ____

Head

Non-polar, Hydrophobic ____

Tail

Why do phosopholipids form a bilayer

The polar heads are attracted to water while the non-polar tails are not

Solvent

the substance in which the solute is dissolved in

Solute

the substance that is dissolved

Particles move from low to high concentration

Active transport

Particles move from high to low concentration

Passive transport

Equation for photosynthesis

Water + Carbon Dioxide + Light --> Glucose + Oxygen

Equation for cellular respiration

Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

3 factors limiting/promoting photosynthesis

Temperature, light, and CO2 concentration

Type of respiration that uses oxygen

Aerobic respiration

Type of respiration that does not use oxygen

Anaerobic respiration

Amount of ATP produced in aerobic respiration

38 ATP

Amount of ATP produced in anaerobic respiration

2 ATP

What organisms preform lactic acid fermentation

Bacteria

What organisms preform Alcohol fermentation

Yeasts

Chromosome

Package of DNA

Amount of chromosomes in human body

46

Amount of chromosomes in human body after mitosis

92

How do cancerous cell differ from healthy cells

Cancerous cells divide all the time without needing a signal

Cancerous tumor

Malignant tumor

Non-cancerous tumor

Benign tumor

Dehydration synthesis

The process of creating a bond by taking away water

Hydrolysis

The process of breaking a bond by adding water

Polymer

Large molecules made up monomers

Monomers

The building blocks of polymers

During which stage of the cell cycle is the DNA copied?

S phase

Which stages of the cell cycle generally require about the same amount of time in all human cells? Around 12 hours.

S phase, G2 phase and M Phase

What is the primary factor that limits the maximum size of a cell?

Surface area to volume ratio

The correct order of the eukaryotic cell cycle is....

G1->S->G2->M