Biology Exam 5

What do the renal arteries do?

supply impure blood to kidneys for purification

What are kidneys?

organs that filter blood and produce urine

What is the outer part of the kidney called?

the cortex

What structure is inside of the cortex?

the medulla

Where does urine collect in the kidney?

the renal pelvis

Urine drains from the kidney in a tube called

the ureter

Blood purified by the kidney is carried away by

the renal veins

Urine drains into the _____ and is excreted out the body through the _________.__

urinary bladder; urethra

The branch of the renal artery carries blood ______ the nephron while the branch of the renal vein carries blood ________ from the nephron.

towards; away

Blood pressure forces fluid through the walls of a cluster of capillaries called

the glomerulus

Where is the glomerulus located in?

Bowmans Capsule

Refined urine is collected in the

collecting duct

Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and transported to the _____.

renal pelvis ... ureter ...urinary bladder

The kidney's ability to concentrate urine depends on the maintenance of an osmolarity gradient between the interstitial fluid of two structures:

the cortex and the medulla

Osmosis is a form of

passive transport

What does the nasal cavity do?

filter, warms, and humidifies air

What is the pharynx?

a passage for food and air

What does the larynx do?

produces voice sounds

What is the trachea?

windpipe the connects the bronchi to each lung

What helps moves air in and out of the lungs?

the diaphragm

The bronchiole carries inhaled air into the

alveoli

In the lungs, the gas is exchanged

inside of the alveoli and oxygen enters the circulatory system through the capillaries

Branches of the pulmonary arteries containing oxygen poor blood from body tissues to the ______ and branches of the pulmonary vein transport oxygen rich blood back to the _______.

alveoli; heart

In fishes, the partial pressure of blood ________ as it flows through gill cappilaries

increases

What is countercurrent flow?

when water and blood flow in opposite directions; gases are exchanged between the fluids

A gas always diffuses from where its partial pressure is _____ to where it is _________.

higher; lower

The pressure inside a human chest cavity is always

negative

Which lung structure is a tiny sac that functions as an interface between air and blood?

the Alveolus

What is the correct sequence of flow through the nephron?

Renal corpuscle > proximal tubule > loop of Henle > distal tubule > collecting duct

The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as _____.

secretion

The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _____.

filtration

Is O2 less soluble in water or air?

Water because it is more viscous, and less oxygen is present

What type of tissues do trachea and bronchi have?

columnar w/ brush border

What type of tissues do bronchioles have?

simple cuboidal

What type of tissues do alveoli have?

simple squamous

Hyperosmotic cells have

net flow of water into the cells; cell lyses

Isosmotic cells have

no net flow of water movement; osmotic balance

Hypoosmotic cells have

net flow of water out of the cells; cell shrivels

What are osmoregulators?

regulators that expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment

What are osmoconformers?

conformers that are isosmotic with their surroundings

Most freshwater fish are

hypertonic

Most saltwater fish are

hypotonic

What type of nitrogenous waste do aquatic animals dispose?

ammonia

What type of nitrogenous waste do mammals dispose?

urea

What type of nitrogenous waste do birds dispose?

uric acid

Squamous epithelia helps

small compounds to get through during filtration

Cuboidal Epithelia helps

pump important solutes back into circulation during reabsorption and moves larger waste products into the ultrafiltrate during secretion

What does the length of a loop of henle determine?

how concentrated your urine is

What is the blood flow of the vascular component of the kidneys?

aorta → renal artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → vasa recta → renal vein → posterior vena cava