Chapter 31 and 32 History unit 13

Cesar Chavez

He was a Mexican-American farm worker, who was trying to organize a union for California's mostly Spanish-speaking farm workers.

La Raza Unida

This means The People Unnited, and was created by Jose Angel Gutierrez for the purpose of having an independent Latino political movement.

Counterculture movement

movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college youths who turned their back on traditional American and have a new society based on peace and love.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

This was a Native American rights organization. It began largely as a self-defense group but soon branched out to include protecting the rights of large Native American populations in northern and western states.

Role of women in the 1960s

Women in the 1960s began to challenge traditional gender roles, advocating for civil rights, workplace equality, and reproductive freedoms, significantly contributing to the feminist movement.

The Feminine Mystique

captured the discontent that many women were feeling, by Betty Fridan

United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC)

empower migrant farmworkers and improve wages and work conditions

Phyllis Schlafly

opposed the ERA arguing that it would "lead to a parade of horribles", such as the drafting of women, the end of laws protecting homemakers, the end of a husband's responsibility for providing his family, same-sex marriages and shared bathrooms; prevented its passage.was a conservative activist, lawyer, and author known for her staunch opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and her advocacy for traditional gender roles.

Woodstock

a music festival held in 1969 that became a symbol of the counterculture movement, promoting peace, love, and rock music.

Betty Friedan

an influential feminist author and activist, best known for her book "The Feminine Mystique," which challenged traditional gender roles and sparked the second-wave feminist movement in the United States.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

founded in 1966, advocating for women's rights and gender equality. to pursue women's goals. Pushed for child-care facilities that mothers can pursue jobs and education. Also ban discrimination when hiring. The organization played a pivotal role in the feminist movement, addressing issues such as reproductive rights, equal pay, and workplace discrimination.

Equal Rights Amendment

a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It aimed to eliminate gender discrimination in various areas of law.

Environmental Protection agency (EPA)

established in 1970, is a government agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

OPEC

an organization founded in 1960 that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its member countries to secure fair prices for petroleum producers and ensure a stable supply of oil to consumers.

SALT 1 Treaty

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks was an agreement reached between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1972 to limit the number of nuclear weapons and missile launchers, marking a significant step towards arms control during the Cold War.

Camp David Accords

A peace agreement reached in 1978 between Egypt and Israel, facilitated by US President Jimmy Carter, that aimed to establish lasting peace in the Middle East.

Saturday Night Massacre

a term used to describe the events of October 20, 1973, when President Nixon ordered the firing of special prosecutor Archibald Cox, leading to a constitutional crisis and increased calls for Nixon's impeachment.

John Ehrlichman

White House aide involved in Watergate scandal, served as Domestic Affairs Advisor.

Richard Nixon

The 37th President of the United States, who served from 1969 to 1974 and was known for his role in the Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to his resignation.

Richard Nixon-Foreign Policy

aimed to reduce Cold War tensions through diplomacy, including the opening of relations with China and the policy of détente with the Soviet Union.

President Carter

The 39th President of the United States, who served from 1977 to 1981 and is known for his focus on human rights, the Camp David Accords, and the energy crisis.

New Federalism

A political concept introduced by Richard Nixon aimed at transferring certain powers from the federal government to state and local governments, emphasizing revenue sharing and reduced federal intervention in state affairs.

Realpolitik

A pragmatic approach to foreign policy that focuses on practical and strategic interests rather than moral or ideological considerations. Promoted by Henry Kissinger, it was a key aspect of Nixon's foreign policy.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by stagnant economic growth, high unemployment, and high inflation, prevalent in the 1970s.

Watergate

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by members of the Nixon administration, leading to Nixon's resignation.

Nixon’s Southern Strategy

A political strategy used by President Nixon to gain support from Southern white voters by appealing to their racial prejudices and promoting states' rights after the Civil Rights Movement.

President Ford

served as the 38th President of the United States from 1974 to 1977, following Nixon's resignation. He is known for his efforts to restore public confidence after the Watergate scandal.

Watergate Scandal

A major political scandal in the 1970s involving illegal activities by the Nixon administration, including the break-in at the Watergate office complex and efforts to conceal its involvement, resulting in President Nixon's resignation.

President Carter and foreign policy

The approach taken by President Carter in international relations, emphasizing human rights, diplomacy, and the reduction of Cold War tensions.