micro - other bacteria with unusual requirements

obligate intracellular and non culturable bacterial agents

incapable of replication outside a living host cell, cannot be cultured on artificial medium, cannot be visualized using light microscopy

chlamydiaceae

pleomorphic, GN bacteria which only exist as obligate intracellular parasites because they are unable to make their own ATP, infected cells contain intracytoplasmic inclusions around the nucleus of the host cell

chlamydia trachomatis

chlamydiaceae inclusions that uses iodine stain

chlamydiaceae

all _____ inclusions can use giemsa stain

trachoma

chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva and remains a major cause of preventable blindness worldwide, caused by chlamydia trachomatis

non gonococcal and post gonococcal urethritis

most reported STD in the US, can cause PID and infertility, can be asymptomatic (chlamydia trachomatis)

lymphogranuloma venereum

STD that is rare in north america, common in africa, asia and south america

inclusion conjunctivitis

neonates acquire by passage through the birth canal (chlamydia trachomatis)

rickettsia

most are zoonotic agents, all except coxiella burnetii are transmitted from animals by arthropod vectors

rickettsia rickettsii

rocky mountain spotted fever, triad of symptoms fever, headache, and rash

ehrlichia and anaplasma

organisms parasitize macrophages or granulocytes

ehlrichiosis/anaplasmosis

characterized by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, disease and symptom depend on the species and the WBC it infects

morulae

the ehrlichia and anaplasma enter the WBC and develop into a cluster called a _____

ehrlichia chafeensis

human monocytic ehrlichiosis, transmitted by lone star tick

anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia ewingii

human granulocytic anaplasmosis or ehrlichiosis

coxiella burnetii

causative agent of Q (query) fever, an acute systemic infection that primarily affects the lungs, no rash seen

coxiella burnetii

serology is most commonly used for diagnosis, IFA is considered the reference method

spirillum

similar in epidemiology and pathogenesis to streptobacillus monoliformis, transmitted by rat bites

spirillum minus

human infection occurs following a rat bite or exposure to rat urine or feces (rat bite fever or sudoku)