Psych #4, Unit 3

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Plasticity

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32 Terms

1

Plasticity

Ability of the brain to change structure and function in response to damage

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2

Lesioning

Using a thin electrical wire to destroy specific brain cells

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3

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Records brain-wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain

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4

Computed tomography scan

(CT)

Images the brain using computer controlled X-rays of the brain; can reveal brain damage

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5

functional MRI (fMRI)

reveals bloodflow in the brain by comparing successive MRI scans; shows brain function and structure (looks like an animated video)

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6

positron emission tomography scan (PET)

Images the brain by injecting radioactive sugar into the patient to help create a color-coded computer image of the brain at work

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7

Medulla

First large swelling at the top of the spinal cord; responsible for life-sustaining functions like heartbeat and breathing

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8

Pons

Links the lower and upper brains and associated with sleep and dreaming and some coordination

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9

reticular formation

Area of neurons in the lower brain that are responsible for alertness level, attention and arousal

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10

Cerebellum

Lower brain structure that controls muscle memory, balance and fine motor control

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11

Limbic System

Group of structures in the mid-brain involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation

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12

Thalamus

Limbic system structure that relays all sensory information (except smell) from sensory organs to the brain

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13

Hypothalamus

Limbic system structure responsible for urges like hunger, thirst, sex and regulating homeostasis

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14

Hippocampus

Limbic system structure responsible for the formation of new memories and recalling long-term memories

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15

AMYGDALA!

Two pea-size limbic system structures associated with emotions like fear and aggression

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16

Brainstem

Group of structures in the lower brain including the medulla, reticular formation and cerebellum -mostly responsible for life support

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17

glial cells

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons

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18

Frontal lobes

Located in the front of the brain, they process higher level thinking and voluntary muscle movement (motor cortex)

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19

Parietal lobes

Located behind the frontal lobes, they process body sensations (somatosensory cortex)

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20

Occipital lobes

Located in the back of the brain, they process vision (visual cortex)

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21

Temporal lobes

Located on either side of the brain they process hearing (auditory cortex)

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22

Cerebral Cortex

Outer layer of the brain consisting of a left and right hemisphere each with four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)

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23

Broca's area

Association area on the left motor cortex in the frontal lobe that is involved in making speech

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24

Wernicke's area

Association area on the left temporal lobe involved with processing the meaning of language

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25

Aphasia

Damage to a brain area

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26

Endocrine System

All of the glands of the body and the hormones they produce

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27

hormones

Chemical messengers that are produced by glands and travel through the bloodstream

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28

adrenal glands

Located just above the kidneys, they secrete stress hormones (adrenaline, epinephrine and norepinephrine) that arouse the body for action

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29

pituitary gland

Our "master gland" located in the limbic system, it regulates growth and controls all other glands

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30

corpus callosum

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them; this is severed in split brain patients

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31

dual processing

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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32

neural networks

networks of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output

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