Studied by 5 people
absolutism
idea of government having absolute power
Divine Right
the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher that created the idea of a social contract.
Social Contract
Government provides protection to people but they have to give up some rights.
Scientific Revolution
period in which scholars questioned old beliefs and based new thinking on careful observation
the Enlightenment
philosophical movement that questioned society and human actions
John Locke
Argued for the right to life, liberty, and property
American Revolution
Wars America fought against Britain to fully gain independence from them.
Salutary Neglect
British relaxed their enforcement of regulations and trade laws on the American colonists
Articles of Confederation
the United States’ first constitution
U.S. Constitution
New constitution that established a federal government with more power and authority over the states
French Revolution
a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the National Assembly in November 1799.
Estates-General
an assembly of representatives from the three estates
National Assembly
an assembly that represented all people instead of three estates
Haitian Revolution
enslaved Haitians began to rebel against the French,
French forces retreated and Haiti gained its independence
Industrial Revolution
he shift from a farming-based society to a manufacturing-based society during the late 1700s
factors of production
Land, Labor, Capital
laissez-faire economics
limited government involvement in the economy
Adam Smith
Wrote “The Wealth of Nations” and argued for a free market economy
capitalism
private ownership of industry and minimal government involvement
Social Darwinism
free competition in the economy ensures economic success
monopolies
Businesses that have complete control over an industry
urbanization
process through which cities grow and higher percentages of the population live in citie
tenements
overcrowded and unsanitary apartment buildings
labor unions
an organization formed by workers in order to negotiate for better workers' rights.
Labor Movement
movement that led to advancements for workers and workers’ rights
Progressive Movement
reform movement in the early 1900s that sought to improve problems in American society
muckrakers
(journalists) worked to showcase corruption and problems in American society
Karl Marx
author of the Communist Manifesto
communism
public ownership of industry and communal ownership of the means of production
American Civil War
civil war taking place in the United States between 1861-1865
abolition / abolitionists
called for an end to slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Declared that all enslaved people must be returned to their owners
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that exposed the harsh reality of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
Violence in Kansas between pro/anti-slavery sides
Election of 1860
Abe Lincoln was elected
Battle of Gettysburg
Key turning point for Union in war.
Battle of Appomattox Court House
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered here
The Emancipation Proclamation
Executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln Declared that all enslaved people in the rebelling states were emancipated
Reconstruction
Period after the American Civil War in which the nation was reunited and rebuilt
Manifest Destiny
Belief that Americans have a God-given duty to expand westward
Transcontinental Railroad
Connected eastern and western United States
Trail of Tears
Forced displacement of Native Americans by the American government
Ellis Island
Largest immigration station in the US
nativism
Demanded that restrictions be placed on immigration
imperialism
policy in which stronger nations extend their control over weaker territories
White Man’s Burden
the alleged duty of white colonizers to care for nonwhite Indigenous subjects in their colonial possessions.
The Opium Wars
Conflicts between China and European powers in the 1800s
Allowed for European imperialism of China
The Belgian Congo
The establishment of the Belgian Congo alarmed other European countries, who also desired this resource-rich land. Lead to scramble for africa.
Henry Morton Stanley
led expeditions into the Congo. Stanley’s expeditions increased European intrigue in Africa.
King Leopold II
King Leopold commissioned explorer Henry Morton Stanley to help King Leopold obtain land in the Congo
Belgian Congo colony
This colony was over 80 times larger than Belgium, and it was under King Leopold’s control
Scramble for Africa
Competition of European countries for land in Africa.
The Berlin Conference
European nations met in Berlin in 1884 to prevent conflict over African lands.
isolationism
avoid foreign conflicts
yellow journalism
Reporting that exaggerates the news.
The Spanish-American War
Unfair war, because of industrialization the US destroyed the spanish.
nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation
realpolitik
Approach in government that emphasizes being realistic and getting things done
Otto von Bismarck
became leader of Prussia and Sought to unify Germany under Prussia
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Flashcard (48)