Global Studies Semester Quiz Flashcards

absolutism

idea of government having absolute power

Divine Right

the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.

Thomas Hobbes

English philosopher that created the idea of a social contract.

Social Contract

Government provides protection to people but they have to give up some rights.

Scientific Revolution

period in which scholars questioned old beliefs and based new thinking on careful observation

the Enlightenment

philosophical movement that questioned society and human actions

John Locke

Argued for the right to life, liberty, and property

American Revolution

Wars America fought against Britain to fully gain independence from them.

Salutary Neglect

British relaxed their enforcement of regulations and trade laws on the American colonists

Articles of Confederation

the United States’ first constitution

U.S. Constitution

New constitution that established a federal government with more power and authority over the states

French Revolution

a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the National Assembly in November 1799.

Estates-General

an assembly of representatives from the three estates

National Assembly

an assembly that represented all people instead of three estates

Haitian Revolution

enslaved Haitians began to rebel against the French,

French forces retreated and Haiti gained its independence

Industrial Revolution

he shift from a farming-based society to a manufacturing-based society during the late 1700s

factors of production

Land, Labor, Capital

laissez-faire economics

limited government involvement in the economy

Adam Smith

Wrote “The Wealth of Nations” and argued for a free market economy

capitalism

private ownership of industry and minimal government involvement

Social Darwinism

free competition in the economy ensures economic success

monopolies

Businesses that have complete control over an industry

urbanization

process through which cities grow and higher percentages of the population live in citie

tenements

overcrowded and unsanitary apartment buildings

labor unions

an organization formed by workers in order to negotiate for better workers' rights.

Labor Movement

movement that led to advancements for workers and workers’ rights

Progressive Movement

reform movement in the early 1900s that sought to improve problems in American society

muckrakers

(journalists) worked to showcase corruption and problems in American society

Karl Marx

author of the Communist Manifesto

communism

public ownership of industry and communal ownership of the means of production

American Civil War

civil war taking place in the United States between 1861-1865

abolition / abolitionists

called for an end to slavery

Fugitive Slave Act

Declared that all enslaved people must be returned to their owners

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Novel that exposed the harsh reality of slavery

Bleeding Kansas

Violence in Kansas between pro/anti-slavery sides

Election of 1860

Abe Lincoln was elected

Battle of Gettysburg

Key turning point for Union in war.

Battle of Appomattox Court House

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered here

The Emancipation Proclamation

Executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln
Declared that all enslaved people in the rebelling states were emancipated

Reconstruction

Period after the American Civil War in which the nation was reunited and rebuilt

Manifest Destiny

Belief that Americans have a God-given duty to expand westward

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected eastern and western United States

Trail of Tears

Forced displacement of Native Americans by the American government

Ellis Island

Largest immigration station in the US

nativism

Demanded that restrictions be placed on immigration

imperialism

policy in which stronger nations extend their control over weaker territories

White Man’s Burden

the alleged duty of white colonizers to care for nonwhite Indigenous subjects in their colonial possessions.

The Opium Wars

* Conflicts between China and European powers in the 1800s
* Allowed for European imperialism of China

The Belgian Congo

The establishment of the Belgian Congo alarmed other European countries, who also desired this resource-rich land. Lead to scramble for africa.

Henry Morton Stanley

led expeditions into the Congo. Stanley’s expeditions increased European intrigue in Africa.

King Leopold II

King Leopold commissioned explorer Henry Morton Stanley to help King Leopold obtain land in the Congo

Belgian Congo colony

This colony was over 80 times larger than Belgium, and it was under King Leopold’s control

Scramble for Africa

Competition of European countries for land in Africa.

The Berlin Conference

European nations met in Berlin in 1884 to prevent conflict over African lands.

isolationism

avoid foreign conflicts

yellow journalism

Reporting that exaggerates the news.

The Spanish-American War

Unfair war, because of industrialization the US destroyed the spanish.

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation

realpolitik

Approach in government that emphasizes being realistic and getting things done

Otto von Bismarck

became leader of Prussia and Sought to unify Germany under Prussia