ARCH 211 MIDTERM 2025

Key Project IDs, Feautres of Key Projects, Vocabulary

What is this project called?

Markets of Les Halles

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Buttes-Chaumont Park

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Avenida Central

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Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Beaux-Arts

A neoclassical architectural style that originated from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, emphasizing symmetry, grand compositions, decorative sculpture, and classical elements. It was influential in 19th and early 20th-century public buildings, especially in the U.S.

Parti

A fundamental organizing principle or concept of a building’s design, often represented in diagrams or sketches to illustrate the core spatial and formal idea guiding the architectural composition.

Arcade

A series of arches supported by columns or piers, commonly used in covered walkways, shopping galleries, or architectural facades to provide shelter and aesthetic rhythm.

Structural rationalism

An architectural philosophy that emphasizes the expression of a building’s structure and materials, advocating for designs where form follows function and structural elements are left visible rather than concealed.

Giyofu

A Japanese architectural style from the late 19th century that mimicked Western buildings using traditional Japanese construction techniques, often incorporating decorative European-style facades while maintaining local materials and methods.

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British Museum

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Crystal Palace

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Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève

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Le Bon Marché department store

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Kaichi Primary School

Key Features of Markets of Les Halles

Iron and glass structure

Pavilion-style layout

Natural ventilation and lighting

Central food market

Key Features of Buttes-Chaumont Park

Artificial landscape

Man-made lake and cliffs

Grottos and waterfalls

Suspension bridge by Eiffel

Romantic garden design

Key Features of Avienda Central

Haussmann-inspired boulevard

Wide, straight avenues

Modern urban infrastructure

European-style buildings

Demolition of colonial streets

Key Features of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Eclectic architectural style

Red-brick facade with tiles

Indo-Moorish influences

Central tower with dome

Scientific research institute

Key Features of British Museum

Neoclassical style

Greek Revival facade

Large Ionic columns

Grand central courtyard

Symmetrical layout

Key Features of Crystal Palace

Prefabricated iron and glass

Modular design

Inspired by greenhouse structures

Large exhibition space

Destroyed by fire in 1936

Key Features of Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève

Cast-iron structure

Large reading room

Barrel-vaulted ceiling

Engraved facade with author names

Innovative open-plan design

Key Features of Le Bon Marché Department Store

First modern department store

Iron and glass construction

Large atrium with skylights

Grand staircases

Elegant shopping galleries

Key Features of Kaichi Primary School

Giyōfū (pseudo-Western) style

Wooden construction

Symmetrical facade

Central tower with clock

Fusion of Japanese and Western elements

Arts and Crafts

Design and social movement that rejected industrial mass production, emphasizing handcrafted work, natural materials, and simple, functional design inspired by medieval and folk traditions.

Utopia

an ideal or perfect society where social, political, and economic conditions create harmony, justice, and prosperity, often imagined but rarely achievable in reality

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St. Pancras Station & Hotel

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St. John’s Presbyterian Church

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Oxford Museum

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Red House

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Familistère

Key features of St. Pancras Hotel

Gothic Revival

Iron/glass train shed

Luxury hotel + station

Ornate, dramatic façade

Key features of Oxford Muesem

Gothic Revival

Polychrome stone

Exposed ironwork

Art + science fusion

Key features of Red House

Arts and Crafts

Asymmetrical, red brick

Handcrafted details

Morris’s ideal home

Key features of St Johns

Shingle Style

Wood + local materials

Exposed structure

Site-sensitive design

Key features of Familistere

Utopian housing

Communal facilities

Worker-focused

Inspired by socialism

City Beautiful

an urban planning movement from the late 19th to early 20th century that aimed to introduce beautification and monumental grandeur in cities to promote moral and civic virtue.

Key features of auditorium building

Multi-use: theater, hotel, offices

Early skyscraper innovation

Steel frame + load-bearing walls

Ornamented organic detailing

Key features of Worlds Columbian Exposition

Beaux-Arts “White City”

Classical architecture

Grand urban planning

Emphasis on order & beauty

Key features of Women’s Building

Neoclassical style

Designed by first female MIT grad

Showcased women’s achievements

Temporary structure

Key features of Plan for Chicago

City Beautiful ideals

Broad boulevards & parks

Zoning and infrastructure reform

Civic unity through design

Key features of The garden City

Ideal balanced town-country living

Greenbelts, self-contained communities

Anti-urban sprawl

Influential urban planning model

Key features of Llano del Rio Settlement

Socialist, feminist utopia

Communal kitchens, shared childcare

Radial city layout

Emphasized domestic efficiency

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Auditorium Building

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Worlds Columbian Exposition

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Womens Building

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Plan for Chicago

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Garden City

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Llano del Rio Settlement

Key features of Guaranty Building

Early skyscraper

Steel frame + terracotta

Vertical emphasis

Sullivan’s organic ornamentation

Key features of Reliance Building

Steel-frame skyscraper

Large plate glass windows

Light, airy façade

Precursor to modern curtain wall

Key features of National Pythian Temple

Designed for African American fraternal order

Neoclassical style

Symbol of Black self-determination

Community + cultural center

Key features of Paris metro entrances

Art Nouveau style

Curving, organic iron forms

Mass-produced yet artistic

Iconic public design

Key features of sagrada familia

Gothic + Art Nouveau fusion

Sculptural, nature-inspired forms

Complex symbolic design

Still under construction

Key features of Robie House

Prairie School

Horizontal lines + overhangs

Open floor plan

Integration with landscape

terracotta

Fired clay used for decorative or structural building elements; often molded and glazed.

Curtain wall

A non-load-bearing exterior wall, usually glass and metal, hung from a building’s frame.

Art Nouveau

Decorative art style (c. 1890–1910) with flowing, organic lines and nature-inspired forms.

Gesamtkunstwerk

“Total work of art” — design where architecture, interior, and art are unified into one whole.

Abstraction

Art or design that simplifies or distorts real-world forms to focus on shapes, colors, or concepts.

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Guaranty Building

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Reliance Building

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National Pythian Temple

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Paris Metro Station entrances

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Sagrada Familia

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Robie House

avant-garde

Innovative, experimental, and ahead of its time; challenges tradition in art or architecture.

Zeitgeist

"Spirit of the time" — the cultural, intellectual, or artistic mood of a particular era.

futurism

Early 20th-century movement focused on speed, technology, machines, and rejecting the past.

expressionism

Artistic style emphasizing emotion and inner experience through dramatic, distorted forms.

bunriha

Japan’s first modernist architecture group (1920s); blended Western modernism with Japanese tradition.

Key features of Goldman & Salatsch Building

Minimal, unornamented façade

Contrast between smooth stone base & plain upper floors

Early modernism

Known as the "Looshaus" — sparked controversy in Vienna

Key feautres of The Città Nuova

Futurist vision (unbuilt)

Embraced machines, speed, and technology

Massive, dynamic, multi-level forms

Anti-historical, pro-modern city

Key features of the Einstein tower

Expressionist architecture

Fluid, sculptural concrete form

Designed to house solar observatory

Symbol of science + artistic form

Key features of Buildings at the Tokyo Peace Exhibition

Early modernism in Japan

Fusion of Western and Japanese design

Clean lines, modern materials

Experiment in new architectural language

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Goldman and Salatsch Building

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The Citta Nuova

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Einstein Tower

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Buildings at the Tokyo Peace Exhibition

piloti

Columns or supports that lift a building above ground level, creating open space below (popularized by Le Corbusier).

Scientific management (Taylorism):

A method of workplace efficiency developed by Frederick Taylor — breaks tasks into precise, timed steps to maximize productivity.

Cosmopolitan

Culturally diverse and globally connected; blending influences from many parts of the world.

Art Deco

A decorative style from the 1920s–30s featuring bold geometry, rich materials, and streamlined forms — symbolizing modern luxury and progress.

Key features of Apartment Building on the Rue Franklin

Early exposed reinforced concrete

Modular façade with decorative tiles

Structural clarity + modern material

Classicism meets modernism

Key features of Notre Dame du Raincy

Reinforced concrete church

Thin columns, open interior

Colored glass screens

Nicknamed “the concrete Gothic”

Key features of Frankfurt kitchen

First modern built-in kitchen

Compact, efficient, ergonomic

Designed for working women

Influenced later kitchen design

Key Features of Loew’s Wonder Theatres

Lavish movie palaces

Themed, exotic interiors (Baroque, Moorish, etc.)

Large seating capacity

Symbol of cinema’s golden age

Key features of majestic theatre

Streamlined Art Deco style

Modern materials + Chinese influence

Urban entertainment hub

Blend of East and West design

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Apartment Building on the Rue Franklin

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Notre Dame du Raincy

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Frankfurt Kitchen

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Wonder Theatres

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Majestic Theatre

Constructivism

Russian avant-garde movement combining art and engineering; emphasized geometric forms, industrial materials, and social function.

Functionalism

Design principle where form follows function — buildings shaped by their purpose and use, not decoration.

Free plan

Interior layout without load-bearing walls, made possible by a structural frame — allows flexible, open spaces.

Free façade

Non-load-bearing exterior wall that can be designed independently from the structure behind it.

Ribbon window

Long horizontal strip of windows, often running across a façade — allows continuous light and views.

Key features of Monument to the Third International

Symbol of Soviet revolution

Spiral steel tower with rotating glass volumes

Bold Constructivist vision

Fusion of art, politics, and engineering

Key features of The Bauhaus

Modernist school building

Asymmetrical, functional design

Glass curtain walls

Embodied Bauhaus ideals of unity between art, craft, and industry

Key features of Dom-Ino House

Open structural frame (columns, slabs, stairs)

No load-bearing walls

Prototype for mass housing

Basis for “Five Points” of modern architecture