Kinematics

Sorry for the wrong answers :(. All fixed now! ||| texbook references: Mike Crundell, Geoff Goodwin - Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics student's book 3rd edition |||

What is displacement

distance moved in a particular direction

what is velocity

rate of change of displacement of an object

what is acceleration

rate of change of velocity on object

what does the gradient of a displacement - time graph give

velocity

what does the sign of the gradient of a displacement - time graph mean

direction of velocity

what does zero gradient mean on displacement - time graph mean

object is at rest

what does a constant gradient on a displacement - time graph mean

object is moving at constant velocity

what does a decreasing gradient on a displacement - time graph mean

object is decelerating

what does an increasing gradient of a displacement - time graph mean

object is accelerating

what does the gradient of a velocity - time graph give

acceleration

what does the area under a velocity - time graph give

displacement

what does zero gradient on a velocity - time graph give

no acceleration

what does a constant gradient mean on a velocity - time graph give

constant acceleration

what does a decreasing gradient of a velocity - time graph give

decreasing acceleration

what does an increasing gradient of a velocity - time graph give

increasing acceleration

what is the first step of finding the gradient of a curve

find the tangent

what is kinematics about

describing the motion of objects but not the cause

how do you find an area under the curve

using geometrical shapes to estimate the area

what is a scalar quantity

A physical quantity that has only magnitude

what is a vector quantity

A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

what is this graph showing?

constant velocity

what is this graph showing

decreasing velocity

what is this graph showing

non-constant accelerating velocity

what is this graph showing

zero acceleration

what is this graph showing

constant acceleration

what is this graph showing

increasing acceleration

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A

how do you calculate speed

distance / time

what is the unit for speed

ms ^-1

how do you define speed

distance moved along the path divided by the time taken

what is relative speed

speed of an object as observed from the perspective of another moving object

how do you calculate relative speed in the same direction

v1 - v2

how do you calculate relative speed in the opposite direction

velocity 1 + velocity 2

how do you calculate velocity

change of displacement / change of time

guess the average speed of: light

3.0 × 10⁸

guess the average speed of: electron around nucleus

2.2 × 10⁶

guess the average speed of: earth around sun

3.0 × 10⁶

guess the average speed of: jet airliner

2.5 × 10²

guess the average speed of: typical car speed (80km/h)

22

guess the average speed of: sprinter

1.0 × 10¹

guess the average speed of: walking speed

1.5

guess the average speed of: snail

1.0 × 10^-3

what is quoted relative to a fixed referene

speed

how do you calculate average velocity

displacement / time

what is the average acceleration for: due to circular motion of electron around nucleus

9 × 10²⁶

what is the average acceleration for: car crash

1 × 10³

what is the average acceleration for: free fall on earth

9.81

what is the average acceleration for: family car

2

what is the average acceleration for: free fall on moon

1.6

what is the average acceleration for: an Equator, due to rotation of earth

3 × 10^-2

what is the average acceleration for: due to circular motion of earth around sun

6 × 10^-5

how does a displacement-time graph show constant velocity

displacement increases by equal amounts in equal times

how does the gradient of a displacement time graph indicate dierction

sign of the gradient

what is a parabola

the curve traced out by a particle subject to a constant force in one direction

what is air resistance

the forces that oppose the motion of an object as it passes through the air

what is the definition of acceleration of free fall

the same uniform acceleration with which all objects fall near the surface of the Earth, due to the Earth’s uniform gravitational field

what is gravitational field of earth

a region of space where a mass experiences a force

what is instantaneous velocity

the average velocity measured over a really short time interval

what kinematic equation is this graph showing?

x = vt

what kinematic equation is this graph showing?

v = u + at

what kinematic equation is this graph showing?

s = ut + 1/2 at²

what kinematic equation is this graph showing?

v² = u² + 2as

what is the symbol for acceleration of free fall

g

how can free fall happen

must be in the absence of air resistance

if you are doing an experiment to find acceleration of free fall as an AS level student, what aparatus are you recommened as the best?

steel sphere, electromagnet, metre rule, camera, stroboscope, stopwatch

do heavier bodies fall faster than light ones?

no

do heavy and light bodies fall at the same acceleration?

yes

what is this statement related to: displacement travelled is proportional to time squared

free fall

what is the formula for a particle projected with initial velocity at an angle to the horizontal from a point on level ground

R = (u² sin 2 (angle)) / g

what is R in the equation for a particle projected with initial velocity at an angle to the horizontal from a point on level groun

distance from the point of projection to the point at which the particle reaches the ground again

what is the best way to calculate projectile motion

looking at vertical and horizontal motion independently

how many forces are acting on a object if it is falling through free fall

one

how does acceleration due to gravity decrease when you fall

decreases as you go further away from the surface of the earth

during terminal velocity, what becomes significant

air resistance

if an object is speeding up, what happens to the air resistance

it increases

if you throw an object and air resistance is present, what happens to the object

falls more steeply that it rised

what is the effect on horizontal velocity at low speeds with air resistance

drag is proportional to velocity

what is the effect on horizontal velocity at high speeds with air resistance

drag becomes related to velocity squared

what happens when air resistance is affecting vertical motion upward

gravity and friction both act downward; object slowing down until rest