5.1 Spain's Empire and European Absolutism Vocabulary

-a European monarch of the time period 1520 to 1566

-he inherited Spain, Spain's American colonies, parts of Italy, and the lands in and the Netherlands

-he ruled much of Germany

Charles V

allowed German princes to choose the religion for their territory

Peace of Augsburg

-Ferdinand's son

-he inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies

-he was shy, serious, and -like his father- deeply religious

-very hard working

-would not allow anyone to help him

-deeply suspicious, he trusted no one for long

Philip II

Spanish ships

Galleons

split of the Roman Empire and religion

The Reformation

the campaign to drive Muslims from Spain

The Reconquista

-a fleet in attempt to punish Protestant England and its queen, Elizabeth I

-reason: Elizabeth had supported Protestant subjects who had rebelled against Philip

- his fleet was defeated

Spanish Armada

queen of England

Elizabeth I

-Philip's gray granite palace

-had massive walls and huge gates that demonstrated his power

-reflected Philip's faith

-its walls stood a monastery

The Escorial

-born in Crete, spent much of his adult life in Spain

-real name was Domenikos Thetokopoulos, Spaniards called him by a different name

-his art often puzzled people of his time, chose brilliant, sometimes clashing colors, distorted the human figure, and expressed emotion symbolically in his paintings

-techniques showed deep Catholic faith in Spain

-painted saints and martyrs as huge, long-limbed figures that have a supernatural air

El Greco

-reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy

-painted 50 years after El Greco

-the court painter to Philip IV of Spain

-best known for his portraits of the royal family and scenes of court life

-noted for using rich colors

Diego Velazquez

-novel written by Miguel de Cervantes

-published in 1605

-often called the birth of modern European novel

Don Quixote de la Mancha

a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services

inflation

7 northern provinces of the Netherlands, largely Protestant, united and declared their independence from Spain

United Provinces of the Netherlands

putting up with different religions in a country

religious tolerance

-the greatest Dutch artist of the 1600s

-painted portraits of the wealthy middle class merchants

-produced group portraits

-used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus

Rembrandt de Rijn

-fascinated with the effects of light and dark

-Dutch artist

-chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits

-painted women doing familiar activities

-reveals how important merchants, civic leaders, and the middle class in general were in the 17th century Netherlands

Jan Vermeer

-a trading company controlled by the Dutch government

-used to dominate the Asian spice trade and the Indian Ocean trade

Dutch East India Company

kings or queens, who held all of the power within their stated boundaries.

Absolute Monarchs

the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth.

Divine Right