apwh - 5.4 industrialization spreads (+5.6,5.8)

describe french industrialization

it was delayed bc the government had all attention on the french revolution and napoleonic wars

also low pop in urban areas, so low labor avalible for factories

describe german industrialization

- delayed bc of political fragmentation

- unified in 1871

- leading producer of steel and coal

- #2 industrial power by 1900

when did the us begin industrial revolution and describe

19th century

- became leading industrial force

- #1 in world by 1900

what was a key factor in us being a leading industrial force

human capital (workforce)

- immigrants labored in facotires

what did russia focus on and example

railroads and exports

- trans-siberian railroad allowed trade with east asia

what industries did russia focus on and rank producer in the world?

- coal, iron, steel industries

- #4 producer of steel by 1900

describe muhammads rule

- took egypt from mamlucks and became governer

- independent from sultan

how did muhammad try to modernize

- focused on cotton exports- gov took control by taxing peasants

- built textile factories

- built ships for navy in alexandria

what reforms did sultan mahmud attempt to establish?

- 1826 - abolished janissaries

- 1831 - abolished feudalism

- built roads and established postal service

what were the tanzimat reforms

(occured after mahmud)

- eliminated corruption

- established secular (non religious) schools

- created new laws favoring foreign business

- equality of all men (not women)

what did china do to try and modernize and what were the results

- attempted with Self-Strengthening Movement

- 1895 - defeated by japan

what did emperor guangxu try to establish as a result of the loss from japan war and demand for reforms

- hundred days reform - abolished civil service exam, corruption, and establishment of western style industrial, commercial, and medical systems

who overthrew the hundred days reform

cixi (dowager empress)

- feared influence of westerners