Philosophy Exam

Consciousness

Consciousness

immaterial non-substance

John Locke

• External/sensible objects ---> Ideas

• Internal operations of the mind _^

• Person = "thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider its self as it__self__, the same thinking thing in different times and places."

• I

  • Action

  • Thoughts

  • Feelings

David Hume

• Self identity is an elusive idea; impermanent

• Sense experience ---> Impressions ---> Idea of Self

Immanuel Kant

• Transcendental Self/Transcendental apperception/noumenal self

• Transcendental self

  • Sense experiences

  • Impressions

  • A prior ideas

  • Consciousness

Hinduism

• Monism = all reality is one

• Brahman = the fundamental of reality, no distinction in true reality, Absolute reality

• Human Condition: suffering

• Maya: illusory world

  • Jiva: everyday consciousness

• Atman = true, divine self | indistinguishable from Brahman

• Reincarnation (samsara)

• Moksha (release from samsara)

• Karma = moral principle

• Dharma = obligation or duty

• Raja: that of meditation and psychic control

• Ginana: enlightenment through philosophical inspection

• Samsara: cycle of reincarnation

Buddhism

• Four Noble Truths:

1. Life is suffering (dukkha).

2. Desire causes suffering.

3. Destroy suffering by getting rid of desire.

4. This done by the Eightfold Path.

• Hedonism - Buddhism - asceticism

• Empirical Self

1. Body

2. Sensation

3. Perception

4. Mental Formations

5. Consciousness