AP World History Modern Exam Review

Use these flashcards to study and prepare for your upcoming AP World History exam!

Significance of the Song Dynasty

China experienced great wealth, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations.

The Grand Canal in Postclassical China

An efficient waterway transportation system that enabled China to become the most populous trading area in the world.

Gunpowder in Postclassical China

Technology of gunpowder and guns spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads.

Tribute System in China

An arrangement to gain income in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor.

Daimyo

Landowning aristocrats in Japan who battled for control of the land.

Shogun

A military ruler installed in Japan in 1192 by the Minamoto.

Synthesis of Different Traditions

A state that adapts foreign ideas to local conditions (Example: Japan adapting Chinese and Japanese traditions).

Zionism

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East

Hundred Years' War

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337-1453 which stimulated a sense of unity between soldiers.

Humanism

A focus on individuals rather than God.

Emergence of New States

States arise on land once controlled by another empire. Examples: Mamluk Empire, Seljuk Empire, Delhi Sultanate

Synthesis of Different Traditions

A state adapts foreign ideas to local conditions (Example: Japan adapting Chinese and Japanese traditions).

Expansion in Scope

An existing state expands its influence through conquest, trade, or other means. Examples Incas in South America and Aztecs in Mesoamerica

The Crusades

Helped pave the way to expanding networks of exchange, as lords and their armies of knights brought back fabrics and spices from the East.

Rise of the Mongol Empire

Parts of the Silk Roads that were under the authority of different rulers were, for the first time, unified in a system under the control of an authority that respected merchants and enforced laws.

Batu

Led a Mongolian army of 100,000 soldiers into Russia, which at the time was a loose network of city-states and principalities.

Ibn Rushd

Islamic legal scholar and philosopher.

Second Industrial Revolution

A time period of quick industrial, primarily in steel, chemical, precision machinery, and electronics.

Hindu Marathas

Ended Mughal rule in South Asia.

Transoceanic Travel and Trade

The most significant change to the global economy in this period was the integration of the Western Hemisphere into the global trading network.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of diseases, plants, and animals between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.

Encomienda System

A system used by the Spanish to gain access to gold and other resources of the Americas.

Justices of the Peace

Officials selected by the landed gentry to maintain peace in the counties of England.

Boyars

The noble landowning class in Russia.

Indulgences

Granted a person absolution from the punishments for sin.

Simony

The selling of church offices.

Sola Fide

Faith alone, for the basis of salvation for the Christian believer.

Calvinism

The elect, those predestined to go to heaven, ran the community, which was based on plain living, simple church buildings, and governance by the elders of the church.

Francis bacon

Developed an early scientific method called empiricism, which insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis.

Gunpowder Empires

Large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories.

Divine Right of Kings

The right to rule was given to a king by God.

The Estates-General

The rigid social hierarchy in France before the French Revolution. The three classes were the clergy, nobility, and commoners.

Mercantilism

The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

Zionism

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.

Liberté, égalité, et fraternité

French slogan that summarized revolutionary ideals.

Realpolitik

The idea that there is no concrete reality, only individual perceptions and interpretations of reality.

Spinning Jenny

Allows a weaver to spin more than one thread at a time.

Water Frame

Used waterpower to drive the spinning wheel.

Eli Whitney

Created a system of interchangeable parts for manufacturing firearms for the U.S. military which directly led to the division of labor.

Rationales for Imperialism

The term for the justifications for imperialism, like cultural, and religious motives.

Berlin Conference

A meeting where Europeans established colonial borders that were merely artificial lines that meant little to the people who lived within them.

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere

Manifest Destiny

The natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

Proclamation of 1763

Reserved all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River for Native Americans.

Guano

Excrement of seabirds and bats used as fertilizer in the 1800s

Corvée Labor

Compulsory labor that farmers were required to perform for the Dutch East India Company.

Mauritius

A British colony where Indian laborers migrated.

Ethnic Enclaves

Chinese who migrated to southeast Asia and thrived under colonial rule.

Proclamation of 1763

This act reserved all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River for Native Americans.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-imperialist uprising that was put down in China.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Imperialism

Coal

Was the main source of energy in the 1900s.

Genetic engineering

The manipulation of a cell or organism to change its basic characteristics.

Green Revolution

New varieties of wheat, rice, and other grains that had higher yields and greater resistance to pests, diseases, and drought.

Penicillin

A useful agent in curing bacterial infections.

Pandemics

Epidemic diseases that spread across national borders.

Land Reform

The concentration of land ownership was seen as a barrier to progress.

Apartheid

A system that imposed rigid segregation in South Africa.

Human Rights

Basic freedoms that every person has, such as freedom from slavery and freedom to express opinions

Sustainable Development

Business ventures that allow people and companies to make a profit without preventing future generations from meeting

Neocolonialism

The tendency to focus on the needs of the powerful countries in foreign relations.

Anti-Globalism

The anti-globalization movement’s tendency to focus on issues like human rights, and fair trade.