Bio final 2

During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator?

metaphase I

What single feature is primarily responsible for the variation of climate in different parts of the world?

angle of incoming sunlight

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution

Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution

Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?

cell, nucleus, chromosome, Dna , nucleotide

A true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a true-breeding short pea plant, and all the offspring are tall. What is the most likely genotype of the offspring assuming a single-gene trait?

Tt

Look at the graph in Figure 3-4. What does this graph tell us about this species of plant?

Too much sunlight can hurt them

What would be the best time of the year to plant the organism described in Figure 3-4?

summer

Which of the following would be the easiest way to diagram predatory and parasitic relationships between several species?

food web

Examine the food web shown in Figure 5-4. What would most likely happen to the organisms in this food web if the robin began to disappear?

There would be an overpopulation of caterpillars, which would kill many elm trees

Examine the food web shown in Figure 5-4. Suppose an herbicide is used to kill some of the algae in this ecosystem. The herbicide does not break down in the environment. Inside the cells of which organism would you expect to find the highest amount of herbicide?

Cougar

Examine the food web shown in Figure 5-4. What would most likely happen to the organisms in this ecosystem if the algae began to disappear?

The dragonfly population would likewise begin to disappear

Examine the food web shown in Figure 5-4. The disappearance of which of the following pair of species would result in the total collapse of the food web?

algae and elm trees

Two rabbits that were homozygous for both coat and eye color were crossed. The following are the phenotypes of their F2 generation. Which most strongly suggest that the genes for eye color and coat color are linked?

95 brown coat brown eye, 12 brown coat blue eye, 16 white coat blue eye, 30 white coat blue eye

Which of the following information could be included in the description of a grasshopper's niche, but not in a description of its habitat?

plant species it eats

Using the graph in Figure 5-2, extrapolate what would happen to biodiversity on a large island or continent.

biodiversity would increase greatly

What does the graph in Figure 5-2 tell you?

the larger the islet, the more biodiversity

Using the information from the graph in Figure 5-2, predict what would happen to biodiversity if the ocean level increase.

it would decrease

In the energy pyramid shown in Figure 2-3, which level has the smallest number of organisms

fox

Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for the pyramid in Figure 2-3?

grass

A geneticist crossed fruit flies to determine whether two traits are linked. The geneticist crossed a fly with blistery wings and spineless bristles (bbss) with a heterozygous fly that had normal wings and normal bristles (BbSs). Which results in the next generation would suggest these traits are linked?

222 normal wings, normal bristles, 27 normal wings, spineless bristles, 22 blistery wings, normal bristles, 228 blistery wings, spineless bristles

Which of these species would you classify as a profundal zone organism?

crayfish

The hobbyists are trying to correct the Kimmarie Orchid problem they caused by using \____.

a reintroduction program

The Kimmarie Orchid became extinct in the wild due to\______.

overcollection

Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the \_______ of cougars.

niche

If the four areas in Table 5-1 were the only places in the world to find these organisms, which species most likely faces the greatest chance of extinction?

Species X

Which area in Table 5-1 has the greatest biodiversity?

Area A

From Table 5-1, which species has the highest average population size?

Species W

If all four area in Table 5-1 had identical climate and geology, which one would probably have the smallest area?

Area C

In Figure 3-1, where will you most likely find the greatest diversity?

C

In Figure 3-1, which section would have a lack of organisms due to an overabundance of resources?

D

In Figure 3-1, which section would account for a lower number of organisms near the bottom of a pond due to a short supply of oxygen and sunlight?

B

Which of the following allows the flow of energy through an ecosystem to happen?

predation

In mice, black is dominant to white color and color is determined by a single gene. Two black mice are crossed. They produce 2 black offspring and one white offspring. If the white offspring is crossed with one of its parents, what percent of the offspring are expected to be white?

50

Crossing over would most likely occur during which stage of the cell cycle?

When homologous chromosomes line up in pairs

Which stage of meiosis is represented in Figure 10-10?

metaphase II

Which location would most likely hold autotrophs that derive their energy from chemical compounds?

swamp sediments

Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest?

camouflage in a tree frog

Applicants for the fourth job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Supervisor," could qualify if they were \_______.

mRNA

Applicants for the third job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Executive Position," could qualify if they were \_____.

DNA

Mendel took the pollen from a tall pea plant and pollinated the flower of a short pea plant. When he did this, he removed the male parts of the flower on the short plant. Why was it important that he remove the male parts from the flower of the short plant?

because he wanted to prevent self pollination

Which of the following is the explanation of why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?

Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor

What type of specie would be most likely found in the area labeled D in Figure 3-5?

decomposers that feed on dead organisms

You take a sample of species from the area labeled A in Figure 3-5. What would you expect to find?

great species diversity

Which of the following actions would most likely restore the ecosystem represented in Figure 5-3?

Reintroduce species B and D to the ecosystem

What effect did the loss of species B have on species A and D in Figure 5-3

it caused the populations of A and D to decrease

Examine the graph in Figure 5-3. Which species were not affected by the loss of species B?

species C only

Which fo the following is a direct benefit of biodiversity?

improved soil fertility

Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target insects are resistant to the usual-sized dose. What is the most likely explanation for this change in susceptibility to the insecticide?

The insects developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide

The organism shown in Figure 2-4 is involved in which type of symbiosis?

parasitism

The numbers in Figure 10-1 represent the chromosome number found in each of the dog cells shown. The processes that are occurring at A and B are \_________.

meiosis and fertilization

A researcher is studying reproduction in Taraxacum offcinale, the dandelion. She decides to measure only soil temperature. You think her study is poorly-designed. Why?

biotic factors probably play a large role in dandelion reproduction

What is the geneotype of generation 1 in Figure 10-5?

Ii

Which of the following would be least likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a person's skin cells?

Which of the following statements is supported by these data?

Food was a limiting factor.

Which of the following statement is supported by these data?

wood

Which of he following hypotheses is most valuable in explaining the trends seen in the data?

Nereis occidentalis is more resistant to salinity than Neanthes succinea.

If the ecologists were to take a population sample of Neanthes succinea in an area 65 meters from the river mouth with 30% salinity, what do you infer that they would find?

fewer than 5 individuals

In which situation are the phenotypes of F2 offspring expected to follow the ratio of 9:3:3:1.

a dihybrid cross for 2 unlinked traits

Superficially similar features molded by natural selection in very different species are classified as what kind of structures?

analogous

DNA replication of a leading strand involves which enzymes

helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase

Which event during meiosis leads to a reduction in chromosome number from 2n to n?

Homologous chromosomes travel to opposite sides of the cell.

In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a single-combed hen. All of the chicks in the F1 generation were kept together as a group for several years. They were allowed to mate only within their own group. What is the expected phenotype of the F2 chicks?

75% rose comb and 25% single comb

Three samples of DNA contain the percentages of nitrogenous bases listed in Table 12-2. According to Chargaff's law, which two samples probably belong to the same species?

1 and 3

Which type of natural selection showed in Figure 15-4 favors average individuals

A

Which type of natural selection shown in Figure 15-4 would favor giraffes that need to reach the tallest branches to eat?

C

If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, what percent of their offspring are also expected to be heterozygous?

50

Consider the cell labeled X in Figure 10-9 containing 4 chromosomes. Which of the four cells below it represents a healthy gamete that would be produced from this cell?

A

Consider the following pairs of organisms: large predators and small predators; large herbivores and small herbivores; and migratory and non-migratory animals. The two animals most likely to suffer the most from habitat fragmentaion are the \______.

large predators and migratory animals

Some farmers use manure on their crop fields. How does this help the plants?

increases soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels

On the islands of Hawaii there are a group of about 30 species of highly variable, but closely related, species of plant called silver-swords. These species appear to be related to small group of plants in North America. What are the silver-swords an example of?

adaptive radiation

You have a building set consisting of parts that can be connected together. You are going to use it to model a piece of DNA. You have decided that each part of DNA will be represented by a different type of toy piece. You have chosen the following four pieces so far: adenine\= large red cube; guanine\= large green cube, thymine\= small orange cube; cytosine\= small blue cube. How many other types of pieces do you need to represent the remaining parts both the 3-prime and the 5-prime strands of a section of DNA?

2

Mendel crossed a true-breeding plant that produced green seeds with a true-breeding plant that produced yellow seeds to produce an F1 generation. The entire F1 generation produced yellow seeds. Then he crossed the F1 offspring with each other to produce the F2 generation. From the F2 generation, he counted 6022 yellow seeds. Which of these is the most likely estimate of the number of green seeds he collected from the F2 generation?

2000

What is the term describing the process that occurs when a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier separating populations?

sympatric speciation

When investigating shell color of a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans. scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 15-1. Based on the information shown in the graph, what form of selection is the snail population undergoing?

directional selection

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth.

A white mouse whose parents are both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most probably\_______.

homozygous recessive

What fraction of this cross will be recessive for both traits?

1/16

The template strand of a piece of DNA being replicated reads: 5'-ATAGGCCGT-3'/ A partially synthesized okazaki fragment is 5'CCTA3'. If the next fragment is four bases long, what is its first base?

A

A student notices what her guppies reproduce most when her fish tank water is slightly alkaline/ They stop reproducing if the water becomes acidic or if the water becomes too alkaline. This is an example of \_______.

zones of tolerance

If precipitation on a tropical savanna increased from 100 to 200 centimeters per year but temperature remained the same, what biome would replace the savanna?

tropical seasonal forest

The group of animals in Figure 2-2 is an example of what?

population

Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type of relationship can best be described as \_____.

mutualism

How long are food chains?

it varies with ecosystem

What is "soil type" to an earthworm?

abiotic factor

The typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a typical human sperm?

23

A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated. Which of the following is the best description of that phenomenon?

speciation

Organisms with overlapping niches probably have which type of relationship?

competitive

A heterozygous organism is best described as which of these?

hybrid

Which term best describes the structures shown in Figure 15-

analogous

Suppose an animal is heterozygous AaBbCc, and the traits are not linked. When meiosis occurs, what is the total number of possible combinations of gametes that can be made for these traits?

8

According to Darwin, which of the following best explains why the mara is more similar to other South American mammals than it is to the rabbit?

it shares a closer ancestor with the South American mammals than it is to the rabbit?

Suppose an animal is heterozygous AaBb, and the traits are not linked. When meiosis occurs, what is the total number of possible combinations of gametes that can be made for these traits?

4

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of derived traits and ancestral traits?

Derived traits are recent features; ancestral traits are more primitive features

When allelic frequencies remain unchanged, a population is in genetic equilibrium. This statement expresses which of the following?

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Personnel from the parks department have investigated the problem and present you with the following theories. Weigh the evidence and decide which is the best explanation for the problem.

Fertilizer from park lawns has run off into the water, adding too many nutrients to the system.

Which combination of characteristics ina population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary change?

small population, many mutations

What is the role of the spindle fibers?

to move chromosomes in the cell

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment?

metaphase 1

In mink, brown fur color is dominant to silver-blue fur color. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink and 8 offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be silver-blue?

0

What type of adaptation is shown in Figure 15-2?

camouflage